Cross-shaped Dial, Germany, Early 19th Century

Very rare model of a sundial in the shape of a cross or so-called cruciform, unsigned, but German, datable to the beginning of the 19th century. Cruciform models have existed since at least the first half of the 16th century, they were for ecclesiastical use as underlined here by the moto taken from Psalm 150 and inscribed under the cross: "Ominis spiritus Laudet dominum" [Everything that breathes praises the Lord]. The instrument consists of two dials: - A horizontal dial on the brass plate incorporating a compass and inscribed with two hour scales for latitudes 40 and 50 degrees north and divided into IV-XII and I-VIII. The axis wire is adjusted using the latitude scale inscribed on the cross. - A crucifix or cruciform dial whose adjustment is obtained by tilting the cross along the quarter circle mounted on the plate and divided into 0 to 90 degrees. The time scales are engraved on the arms and along the cross, which also serve as a gnomon. Very rare model of sundial which combines religious practice and time measurement. While at the dawn of the 19th century watches and clocks were already widely distributed, the construction of such a cruciform dial necessarily carries a strong symbolic charge recalling the Christian motif of the Memento Mori, Remember that you will die. The Plate measures 10x7.5cm and the dial approximately 10.3cm in height. Apart from its rarity, this dial has a particularly interesting provenance since it was exhibited in 1984 during the famous Brussels exhibition "The Measurement of Time" (see the catalog, page 101, number 112)