European artistic movement that developed in the 1870s and reached its peak in the 1890s.He first appeared in poetry before gaining painting, music and theatre. A number of themes are common to all artists: strong pessimism, an attraction for dreams and esotericism, and a general atmosphere of melancholy.
In the 1870s, a part of the young artistic generation, which does not find itself in this social context and rejects naturalism, joins the decadence carried by Paul Verlaine. Then, from 1885, more and more of these poets left the decadence to join the sphere of influence of Stéphane Mallarmé, whose poetic style is at the base of the Symbolist theories.
In 1886, several founding texts for the movement were published, written by Teodor de Wyzewa, René Ghil and Jean Moréas, whose «symbolist manifesto» appeared in Le Figaro and imposed its name on the movement.