Head In Tuff Majapahit Kingdom

Head of a deity or dignitary of the Majapahit court, Sumatra, 13th/15th century. Made of tuff, a volcanic rock formed by the accumulation of ash and debris thrown up during eruptions. Although the Majapahit kingdom developed from Java, it presents a stylized headdress of Sumatran art of the time. The kingdom expanded to Sumatra in 1377 by annexing Sriwijaya. This head is therefore to be dated to the end of the 14th century. Head only H 9 cm x W 8 cm x D 9 cm H on base 16 cm Provenance: Claude de Marteau Collection Sold with certificate of provenance. 3 Majapahit heads are available (Unit price) The Majapahit kingdom, founded in 1293 on the island of Java, is one of the most powerful empires in island Southeast Asia. Its capital was located at Trowulan, and its golden age occurred in the 14th century, under King Hayam Wuruk (1350–1389) and his famous prime minister Gajah Mada. The latter's ambition was to unify the entire Malay archipelago, Nusantara, which led Majapahit to extend its influence over a vast region including Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Bali, Celebes, the Malay Peninsula (southern Thailand), and even parts of the Philippines. Majapahit was a centralized state based on a complex network of vassal kingdoms and alliances. Religiously, it was distinguished by a refined syncretism between Hinduism and Buddhism, which was reflected in its art, its Old Javanese literature, and its architecture, notably the red brick temples with rich bas-reliefs. The decline of the kingdom began in the 15th century, weakened by internal conflicts and the rise of Muslim kingdoms such as the Sultanate of Demak, which finally supplanted it around 1527. Majapahit, however, remains a powerful symbol in Indonesian collective memory, inspiring to this day the idea of national unity around the concept of Nusantara, a kind of unity in diversity. See this tuff head of the Majapahit Kingdom in full screen mode on Vintage Addict