{"id":9627,"date":"2018-10-26T10:52:10","date_gmt":"2018-10-26T09:52:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=9627"},"modified":"2018-10-28T13:31:40","modified_gmt":"2018-10-28T12:31:40","slug":"lecran-a-main-accessoire-domestique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/lecran-a-main-accessoire-domestique\/","title":{"rendered":"L’\u00e9cran \u00e0 main – un accessoire domestique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Accessoire souvent confondu avec l\u2019\u00e9ventail, l’\u00e9cran \u00e0 main n\u2019avait pourtant pas la m\u00eame fonction. Il servait non pas \u00e0 se ventiler pour se rafra\u00eechir mais \u00e0 se prot\u00e9ger le visage, souvent fard\u00e9, de la chaleur du feu de la chemin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Son usage se d\u00e9veloppe en Europe en parall\u00e8le de l\u2019\u00e9ventail dont il est une variante. Cependant, l’\u00e9cran \u00e0 main n’est pas un accessoire relevant de la parure. Il appartient au monde clos des boudoirs et des petits appartements. Constitu\u00e9 de mat\u00e9riaux naturels, sa fabrication devient particuli\u00e8rement importante en France d\u00e8s le XVIIe si\u00e8cle. Sa forme est ronde, la plupart du temps, et l’\u00e9cran, o\u00f9 plusieurs cartouches lui sont associ\u00e9s, tourne sur un axe pour faire d\u00e9filer texte et images. Des dessinateurs, des graveurs, aussi c\u00e9l\u00e8bre que Abraham Bosse, Jean Le Pautre ou Fran\u00e7ois Chauveau, des \u00e9diteurs et des marchands d\u2019estampes contribuent \u00e0 son succ\u00e8s par la qualit\u00e9 des ornements qu’ils proposent.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ecran \u00e0 main du XVIII\u00e8me en carton.
(c) L’orangerie, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Au XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, il perd son principe de rotation sur un axe. Il est compos\u00e9 d’un petit manche en bois, en os ou en ivoire, dans la fente duquel est gliss\u00e9e une feuille de carton fix\u00e9e \u00e0 celui-ci par deux petits clous. Il\u00a0n’est donc ni r\u00e9tractable, ni pliable : sa rigidit\u00e9 exclut son usage \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur, o\u00f9 il s\u2019av\u00e9rerait fragile et encombrant.<\/p>\n

Il se pare de sujets gouach\u00e9s ou de gravures. Certains \u00e9diteurs se distinguent comme Petit, rue du Petit-Pont \u00e0 Paris, dans la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, et la Maison Huquier au XIXe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ecrans orn\u00e9s d’aquarelles sur papier, fin XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle.
(c) Luc de Laval, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’iconographie des \u00e9crans \u00e0 main est vaste,\u00a0S’il est impossible de rendre compte ici de l’infinie vari\u00e9t\u00e9 des sujets trait\u00e9s lorsque les \u00e9crans sont d\u00e9cor\u00e9s de gravures, coll\u00e9es sur leur\u00a0recto\u00a0<\/i>et\/ou sur leur\u00a0verso<\/i>, ils avaient pour point commun d’int\u00e9resser les esprits du temps, soit en les instruisant, soit en les divertissant.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Ecrans pare-\u00e9tincelles. XIX\u00e8me.
(c) Galerie Atena<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La feuille \u00e9tait d\u00e9cor\u00e9e avec des illustrations de Watteau ou Fran\u00e7ois Boucher. Les deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s portaient sur des faits d’histoire, de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, de th\u00e9\u00e2tre ou encore des fables. Sur une face, le dessin \u00e9tait grav\u00e9 ou peint \u00e0 la gouache, agr\u00e9ment\u00e9 de fleurs et guirlandes, repr\u00e9sentant des ch\u00e2teaux ou des personnages royaux, des sc\u00e8nes de th\u00e9\u00e2tre, des cartons de g\u00e9ographie. Au XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, la bonne soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9taient int\u00e9ress\u00e9e par les r\u00e9cits des\u00a0grands voyageurs et de leurs d\u00e9couvertes du monde.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Paire d’\u00e9cran XIX\u00e8me en carton et manche en bois.
(c) L’orangerie, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ces objets sont rares et il n’existe que tr\u00e8s peu d’exemplaires conserv\u00e9s. Plusieurs raisons expliquent cette p\u00e9nurie : de fabrication modeste, diffus\u00e9 en grande quantit\u00e9, le plus souvent r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par des artistes anonymes, donc de peu de valeur marchande, l’\u00e9cran \u00e0 main avait pour vocation d’\u00eatre jet\u00e9 au feu d\u00e8s qu’il pr\u00e9sentait des signes d’usure. La fragilit\u00e9 du carton en a fait une proie id\u00e9ale pour l’humidit\u00e9 et les rongeurs, lorsqu’il a \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9 dans une cave ou dans un grenier.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Accessoire souvent confondu avec l\u2019\u00e9ventail, l’\u00e9cran \u00e0 main n\u2019avait pourtant pas la m\u00eame fonction. Il servait non pas \u00e0 se ventiler pour se rafra\u00eechir mais \u00e0 se prot\u00e9ger le visage, souvent fard\u00e9, de la chaleur du feu de la chemin\u00e9e. Son usage se d\u00e9veloppe en Europe en parall\u00e8le de l\u2019\u00e9ventail dont il est une variante. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":9651,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9627","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic"],"yoast_head":"\nL'\u00e9cran \u00e0 main - un accessoire domestique Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Accessoire souvent confondu avec l\u2019\u00e9ventail, l'\u00e9cran \u00e0 main n\u2019avait pourtant pas la m\u00eame fonction. Il servait non pas \u00e0 se ventiler pour se rafra\u00eechir\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/lecran-a-main-accessoire-domestique\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L'\u00e9cran \u00e0 main - un accessoire domestique Le Magazine de Proantic\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Accessoire souvent confondu avec l\u2019\u00e9ventail, l'\u00e9cran \u00e0 main n\u2019avait pourtant pas la m\u00eame fonction. 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