{"id":7919,"date":"2017-12-03T15:58:18","date_gmt":"2017-12-03T14:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=7919"},"modified":"2017-12-03T16:00:38","modified_gmt":"2017-12-03T15:00:38","slug":"bagnard-lart-de-debrouille","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/bagnard-lart-de-debrouille\/","title":{"rendered":"Le bagnard et l’art de la d\u00e9brouille"},"content":{"rendered":"

Plus de 100 000 hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9s au bagne. Une petite minorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux a laiss\u00e9 des oeuvres artistiques et artisanales qui font perdurer un peu de leurs vies plong\u00e9es dans le cloaque que fut le bagne.<\/p>\n

La production artistique au bagne est essentiellement issue d’un syst\u00e8me d’\u00e9conomie parall\u00e8le, commun aux bagnes portuaires et coloniaux surnomm\u00e9 commun\u00e9ment \u201ccamelote\u201d. Elle s’effectue en dehors des heures de travail quotidien et constitue une manne financi\u00e8re tol\u00e9r\u00e9e par l’administration p\u00e9nitentiaire. Elle est destin\u00e9e \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leurs conditions de vie \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du bagne o\u00f9 la circulation d’argent est interdite. Elle engendre alors de nombreux trafics qui permettent de se procurer ce que l’administration p\u00e9nitentiaire ne fournit pas : alcool, prostitution, suppl\u00e9ments de nourriture, jeux de cartes ou organisation d’une \u00e9vasion.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Tabati\u00e8re en corozo, travail de bagnard, XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle.
(c) Luc de Laval , Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les objets sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res naturelles (bois, corne, \u00e9caille, noix, paille, nacre, os, papillons…), de mat\u00e9riaux recycl\u00e9s ou subtilis\u00e9s par les bagnards qui \u00e9laborent et mod\u00e8lent ainsi tout un artisanat local: coupe-papiers, cornes ou noix de coco et coquillages sculpt\u00e9s, marqueteries de paille, bijoux, cannes, pipes, guillotines-coupe-cigare en cuivre et en bois pr\u00e9cieux, peintures..<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Tableau ex-voto en coquillages, travail de bagnard, XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle.
(c) Luc de Laval , Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, \u00ab les particuliers se prennent au jeu de poss\u00e9der des meubles, plateaux\u00a0en marqueterie que le bagne leur propose ainsi que la nacre qui constitue un support de choix,\u00a0mat\u00e9riau favori du condamn\u00e9 \u00bb. En effet, ce travail clandestin des coquilles prend des proportions consid\u00e9rables dans les ann\u00e9es 1870 avec le concours de l’administration qui l’encourage et cr\u00e9e plusieurs \u00ab bazars \u00bb ( Noum\u00e9a, \u00eele de Nou). Elle offre aux condamn\u00e9s les outils n\u00e9cessaires et les coquillages en grand nombre et en bon \u00e9tat. Cependant, les plaintes des commer\u00e7ants et des perquisitions provoquent l’arr\u00eat de ce trafic.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Noix de coco \/ calebasse sculpt\u00e9e, travail de forcat
Epoque XIXe.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Sordes, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dans cet enfer corrompu, il faut aux bagnards-cr\u00e9ateurs une envie, une invention, pour trouver les supports, les instruments et le mat\u00e9riel leur permettant de r\u00e9aliser des \u0153uvres qui, bien qu’originales, humoristiques, insolentes ou dr\u00f4les pourront \u00eatre d\u00e9cr\u00e9t\u00e9es par l’administration p\u00e9nitentiaire, insultantes, d\u00e9nonciatrices, subversives, et donc motiver des punitions.<\/p>\n

Ils choisissent donc des th\u00e8mes sans danger, comme la nature, omnipr\u00e9sente dans l’\u0153uvre picturale des bagnards. En parall\u00e8le de cette production conventionnelle, on constate la r\u00e9alisation d’\u0153uvres plus \u00e9labor\u00e9es et originales.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Plus de 100 000 hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9s au bagne. Une petite minorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre eux a laiss\u00e9 des oeuvres artistiques et artisanales qui font perdurer un peu de leurs vies plong\u00e9es dans le cloaque que fut le bagne. La production artistique au bagne est essentiellement issue d’un syst\u00e8me d’\u00e9conomie parall\u00e8le, commun aux bagnes portuaires et […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7919","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic"],"yoast_head":"\nLe bagnard et l'art de la d\u00e9brouille Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Plus de 100 000 hommes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9s au bagne. 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