{"id":7055,"date":"2017-06-02T13:41:38","date_gmt":"2017-06-02T12:41:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=7055"},"modified":"2017-06-04T15:27:39","modified_gmt":"2017-06-04T14:27:39","slug":"lart-maki-e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/lart-maki-e\/","title":{"rendered":"L’art du maki-e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les techniques de la laque varient ainsi en fonction des pays, des diff\u00e9rentes qualit\u00e9s obtenues et de l\u2019usage auquel sont destin\u00e9s les objets ainsi d\u00e9cor\u00e9s. Les trois cat\u00e9gories les plus usit\u00e9es dans les arts de la laque sont la gravure, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l\u2019application de multiples couches, parfois de teintes diff\u00e9rentes, permettant un aspect iris\u00e9 sur les tranches, les incrustations, pour un effet en relief au fil des applications de laque, et le maki-e.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Commode Sauteuse En Laque
(c) Jean Luc Ferrand Antiquit\u00e9s<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le maki-e \u00a0repr\u00e9sente la technique la plus sophistiqu\u00e9e de l\u2019art de la laque, d\u00e9signant un travail d\u00e9coratif o\u00f9 de la poussi\u00e8re, des particules \u00a0 d’or ou d’argent \u00a0sont d\u00e9licatement saupoudr\u00e9s sur de la laque encore humide, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement noire, pour cr\u00e9er le motif.\u00a0La poudre incrust\u00e9e entre chaque couche de laque contribue \u00e0 faire ressortir les d\u00e9cors en les illuminant. Cette technique d\u00e9passe de loin toutes ses rivales, et est largement pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e pour sa finesse d’ex\u00e9cution, son caract\u00e8re tout \u00e0 la fois pr\u00e9cis et vaporeux, et l’immense po\u00e9sie qui s’en d\u00e9gage.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Encrier de la maison Boin Taburet , panneau en laque du Japon
(c)Antiquit\u00e9s Lamouret<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’\u00e9ventail de possibilit\u00e9s est presque infini, et l’invention japonaise du maki-e dans ses diff\u00e9rentes variations repr\u00e9sente l’un des mariages les plus remarquables de ma\u00eetrise technique et de sophistication esth\u00e9tique dans l’histoire de l’art.<\/p>\n

Cette technique d\u00e9corative est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t dans l’histoire japonaise. Elle arrive \u00e0 pleine maturit\u00e9 artistique entre le VIII\u00e8me et XII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle de notre \u00e8re pour devenir l’ornementation pr\u00e9dominante \u00e0 partir du XVII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle et le rester \u00e0 ce jour. Elle ne semble pas avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9e en Chine – ou en avoir tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t disparue.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Secr\u00e9taire \u00e0 abattant en Laque du Japon
(c) La Cr\u00e9dence<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le maki-e lui-m\u00eame a donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une floraison de techniques qui lui sont propres. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

La premiere est sans relief aucun ( togidashi maki-e<\/strong>); il fut usit\u00e9 d\u00e8s l’\u00e9poque Nara ( 710 \u00e0 794) et resta en faveur durant celle de Heian (794-1192) ; dans un premier temps, les motifs disparaissent sous l’application de plusieurs couches de laque, mais ils r\u00e9apparaissent ensuite au m\u00eame niveau que le fond, gr\u00e2ce au polissage au charbon de bois.<\/p>\n

La deuxi\u00e8me offre un l\u00e9ger relief (hiramaki-e<\/strong>), et se pratiqua couramment aux XV\u00e8me et XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cles; dans ce cas, les poudres m\u00e9talliques sont appliqu\u00e9es sur le dernier enduit de laque de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 former un d\u00e9cor qui, seul, est ensuite rev\u00eatu d’un m\u00e9lange de laque et de camphre; mais finalement toute la surface re\u00e7oit une couche de laque transparent et subit un dernier polissage.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Coffre \u00ab\u00a0forme tambour\u00a0\u00bb en laque, \u00e9poque \u00c9do.
(c) Galerie Pla J\u00e9r\u00f4me<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le troisi\u00e8me type de d\u00e9cor, apparu \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque de Kamakura (1185\u20131333) \u00a0, se distingue par un fort relief ( takamaki-e<\/strong>) obtenu d’abord par application de poudres de laque sec, de charbon de bois ou d’\u00e9tain et ensuite par l’application d’un traitement identique \u00e0 celui du Hiramaki-e.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Coffret laque du Japon p\u00e9riode Meiji .
(c) Van Rijn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’une des plus grandes beaut\u00e9s de la laque est qu’elle orne les objets les plus pr\u00e9cieux comme les plus quotidiens. Bols et vaisselle de laque traversent les si\u00e8cles, tout comme les bo\u00eetes aux usages de forme multiple : bo\u00eetes \u00e0 documents, bo\u00eetes \u00e0 th\u00e9, \u00e0 encens, \u00e0 pinceaux, \u00e0 encre, \u00e0 cartes, \u00e0 m\u00e9dicaments, etc. Si de tous temps, il y a eu du mobilier de laque, la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence va malgr\u00e9 tout presque toujours aux objets de petite taille, \u00e0 un travail de perfection dont la minutie est un enchantement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les techniques de la laque varient ainsi en fonction des pays, des diff\u00e9rentes qualit\u00e9s obtenues et de l\u2019usage auquel sont destin\u00e9s les objets ainsi d\u00e9cor\u00e9s. Les trois cat\u00e9gories les plus usit\u00e9es dans les arts de la laque sont la gravure, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l\u2019application de multiples couches, parfois de teintes diff\u00e9rentes, permettant un aspect iris\u00e9 sur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":7082,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[372],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abc-du-decor"],"yoast_head":"\nL'art du maki-e Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les techniques de la laque varient ainsi en 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