{"id":6851,"date":"2017-04-22T18:28:08","date_gmt":"2017-04-22T17:28:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=6851"},"modified":"2017-04-23T13:43:23","modified_gmt":"2017-04-23T12:43:23","slug":"le-style-biedermeier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/le-style-biedermeier\/","title":{"rendered":"le style Biedermeier"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le style Biedermeier est un style qui a profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 l\u2019Allemagne et l\u2019Autriche au XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle en \u00a0incarnant parfaitement les valeurs d\u2019un nouvel art de vivre.<\/strong> L\u2019\u00e9poque Biedermeier correspond \u00e0 \u00ab l\u2019\u00e8re Metternich \u00bb (du nom du chancelier de l\u2019empire d\u2019Autriche), p\u00e9riode de paix cons\u00e9cutive aux guerres napol\u00e9oniennes, qui s\u2019\u00e9tend du Congr\u00e8s de Vienne de 1815 aux r\u00e9volutions de 1848.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Commode biedermeier.
(c) Galerie Jacques E. de Caters, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Domin\u00e9e par un esprit de conservatisme, elle se caract\u00e9rise par une m\u00e9fiance du grandiose et de l\u2019h\u00e9ro\u00efsme, mais aussi par une aspiration au calme et \u00e0 la stabilit\u00e9. La forte restriction des libert\u00e9s publiques entra\u00eene un repli sur la sph\u00e8re priv\u00e9e et familiale. Le style Biedermeier, qui entretient des liens indissolubles avec ces valeurs, peut \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une expression artistique de l\u2019ordre politique et social : en opposition avec l\u2019opulente splendeur de l\u2019Empire fran\u00e7ais, il joue de la simplicit\u00e9 comme d\u2019une attitude politique, voire morale.<\/p>\n

Contrairement \u00e0 une id\u00e9e fort r\u00e9pandue, le Biedermeier n\u2019est pas, dans un premier temps, un style bourgeois et bon march\u00e9. Cet id\u00e9al domestique est promu avant tout par l\u2019empereur Fran\u00e7ois Ier et la famille imp\u00e9riale, par les familles r\u00e9gnantes germaniques et par la haute aristocratie. Son influence se propage \u00e0 l’Allemagne du Nord, aux pays scandinaves et en Italie. Ce n’est qu’\u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1830 qu’il se diffuse progressivement dans la bourgeoisie, au point d’en devenir l\u2019incarnation.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Chaises \u00ab\u00a0Biedermeier\u00a0\u00bb.
(c) Galerie des Minimes, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tr\u00e8s li\u00e9es aux courants historiques et intellectuels dominants au tournant des XVIIIe et XIXe si\u00e8cle, les id\u00e9es esth\u00e9tiques du Biedermeier sont alors porteuses d\u2019une nouvelle mani\u00e8re de vivre : l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019habitation priv\u00e9e, l\u2019\u00e9mergence de la vie domestique telle que nous la connaissons se produisent dans ce contexte particulier. La \u00ab wohnzimmer \u00bb (\u00ab living room \u00bb), par exemple, est une invention du Biedermeier, tout comme la recherche constante de l’utilit\u00e9 et du confort pour les objets et les meubles.<\/p>\n

Le Biedermeier d\u00e9signe principalement les arts d\u00e9coratifs, mais il s’applique aussi \u00e0 la peinture ou \u00e0 la sculpture.\u00a0Les meubles Biedermeier, bien qu’ils n’aient pas un style homog\u00e8ne, se distinguent par une \u00e9l\u00e9gance discr\u00e8te. Ils n’ont pas vocation \u00e0 impressionner, mais \u00e0 contribuer \u00e0 une sensation de confort et doivent surtout \u00eatre fonctionnels. \u00a0L’approche pragmatique des artisans s’oppose en effet aux mod\u00e8les impos\u00e9s par les d\u00e9corateurs parisiens et suit davantage l’exemple du mobilier anglais Sheraton et Regency.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Secr\u00e9taire d’\u00e9poque Biedermeier.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Port-Maria Quiberon, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les meubles typiques du Biedermeier sont plut\u00f4t de petites pi\u00e8ces, tel que des commodes, des secr\u00e9taires ou des tables \u00e0 couture. L’accent est mis sur la structure du meuble \u00e0 partir de robustes formes g\u00e9om\u00e9triques, adoucies par des courbes dynamiques. L’acajou tend \u00e0 dispara\u00eetre au profit du noyer, du fr\u00eane, ou des bois fruitiers. Les surfaces lisses mettent en valeur les veines du bois, \u00e0 peine relev\u00e9es de discrets \u00e9l\u00e9ments en bois tourn\u00e9 ou filets incrust\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Salon Biedermeier .
(c) Igra Lignum, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La simplicit\u00e9 du mat\u00e9riau est compens\u00e9e par une grande vari\u00e9t\u00e9 dans les formes, par une fantaisie que l’on pourrait presque qualifier de baroque. Les dossiers de si\u00e8ges s’ouvrent en \u00e9ventail, les accotoirs des canap\u00e9s s’enroulent sur eux-m\u00eames, les pieds de table sont en forme de lyres, de colonnes, les secr\u00e9taires d\u00e9couvrent de multiples tiroirs \u00e0 secrets, des arcatures. \u00c0 l’oppos\u00e9, certaines formes sont extr\u00eamement d\u00e9pouill\u00e9es, celles de si\u00e8ges gondoles reposant sur des pieds \u00e0 section carr\u00e9e, ou celles de certains canap\u00e9s \u00e0 dossier grille qui semblent pr\u00e9figurer le style 1925.\u00a0Cette \u00e9poque fit aussi le succ\u00e8s du meuble en bois courb\u00e9 de Michel Thonet\u00a0.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Canap\u00e9 en Sycomore \u00e9poque XIX\u00e8me Biedermeier.
(c) Arlequin Antiquit\u00e9s<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les tissus d\u2019ameublement sont raffin\u00e9s, fleuris ou ray\u00e9s. Les vues aquarell\u00e9es d’int\u00e9rieurs permettent de comprendre le r\u00f4le essentiel de la couleur : les garnitures des si\u00e8ges s’accordent aux tentures murales et aux rideaux drap\u00e9s dans une m\u00eame harmonie de couleurs vives, unies, simplement soulign\u00e9es d’un galon, ou offrant un r\u00e9seau dense de l\u00e9gers motifs dans une m\u00eame gamme dominante.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le style Biedermeier est un style qui a profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 l\u2019Allemagne et l\u2019Autriche au XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle en \u00a0incarnant parfaitement les valeurs d\u2019un nouvel art de vivre. L\u2019\u00e9poque Biedermeier correspond \u00e0 \u00ab l\u2019\u00e8re Metternich \u00bb (du nom du chancelier de l\u2019empire d\u2019Autriche), p\u00e9riode de paix cons\u00e9cutive aux guerres napol\u00e9oniennes, qui s\u2019\u00e9tend du Congr\u00e8s de Vienne de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6883,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6851","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic"],"yoast_head":"\nle style Biedermeier Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le style Biedermeier est un 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