{"id":6398,"date":"2017-01-12T18:43:49","date_gmt":"2017-01-12T17:43:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=6398"},"modified":"2017-01-15T16:35:56","modified_gmt":"2017-01-15T15:35:56","slug":"velins-museum-dhistoire-naturelle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/velins-museum-dhistoire-naturelle\/","title":{"rendered":"Les V\u00e9lins du Mus\u00e9um d&rsquo;Histoire Naturelle"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Cette \u00e9dition sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par les \u00e9ditions Citadelles &amp; Mazenod et le Mus\u00e9um national d&rsquo;histoire naturelle, pr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;exceptionnelle collection de v\u00e9lins conserv\u00e9e par la Biblioth\u00e8que centrale du Mus\u00e9um.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>La collection des V\u00e9lins, un ensemble de pr\u00e8s de 7000 gouaches et aquarelles repr\u00e9sentant fleurs et animaux, est un pr\u00e9cieux patrimoine que partagent l&rsquo;art et la science. La constitution de ce riche ensemble remonte \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode o\u00f9 l&rsquo;observation et la description s&rsquo;inscrivent profond\u00e9ment dans les sciences de la nature. De la fin du XVIIe si\u00e8cle, moment o\u00f9 la collection est rattach\u00e9e au Jardin royal, jusqu&rsquo;au milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle environ, la production de ces images reste toujours li\u00e9e \u00e0 un processus scientifique.<\/p>\n<p>Gaston d&rsquo;Orl\u00e9ans, fr\u00e8re de Louis XIII, est \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine de cette entreprise. Grand collectionneur, passionn\u00e9 de plantes, il entretient, avec l&rsquo;aide des botanistes Abel Brunyer et Robert Morison, un vaste jardin botanique au ch\u00e2teau de Blois. Pour compl\u00e9ter le catalogue des plantes rares que ces derniers r\u00e9digent, Gaston d&rsquo;Orl\u00e9ans engage dans le deuxi\u00e8me quart du XVIIe si\u00e8cle le peintre et graveur Nicolas Robert qui les reproduira d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s le naturel. \u00c0 sa mort, en 1660, le Prince poss\u00e8de ainsi plusieurs grands portefeuilles in-folio remplis de peintures sur v\u00e9lin, r\u00e9pertoriant fleurs, plantes rares et oiseaux de ses voli\u00e8res. La s\u00e9rie est l\u00e9gu\u00e9e \u00e0 Louis XIV et attire l&rsquo;attention de Colbert, qui convainc le roi de faire continuer la collection.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la cr\u00e9ation du Mus\u00e9um d&rsquo;histoire naturelle en 1793, la collection est transport\u00e9e dans le nouvel \u00e9tablissement, qui s&rsquo;engage \u00e0 la poursuivre, moyennant quelques \u00e9volutions notables, notamment la sp\u00e9cialisation des peintres entre la botanique et la zoologie. La cr\u00e9ation de la M\u00e9nagerie cettte ann\u00e9e-l\u00e0 va d&rsquo;ailleurs favoriser l&rsquo;illustration de sujets zoologiques vari\u00e9s et exotiques. Les v\u00e9lins sont plus que jamais de v\u00e9ritables outils au service de la science et la collection conna\u00eet une croissance importante : de 5321 pi\u00e8ces en 1809, elle passe \u00e0 plus de 6000 en 1850. Et ce sont les scientifiques, r\u00e9unis en assembl\u00e9e des professeurs, qui d\u00e9cident des sujets \u00e0 traiter et de l&rsquo;entr\u00e9e ou non d&rsquo;un v\u00e9lin dans la collection.<\/p>\n<p>Li\u00e9e aux \u00e9volutions des m\u00e9thodes et de la pens\u00e9e scientifique, la collection des v\u00e9lins voit sa production se ralentir \u00e0 partir de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Elle sera tout de m\u00eame enrichie jsuqu&rsquo;en 1905, date \u00e0 laquelle la production s&rsquo;arr\u00eate, faute de budget ; elle sera remplac\u00e9e partiellement par la photographie.<\/p>\n<p><em>Le V\u00e9lin est un parchemin de grande qualit\u00e9, tr\u00e8s fin et tr\u00e8s blanc, obtenu \u00e0 partir d&rsquo;une peau de veau mort-n\u00e9 ou de veau de lait. Les peintres qui interviennent sur ces v\u00e9lins sont des miniaturistes, qui utilisent la technique de la gouache ou de l&rsquo;aquarelle. Leur travail s&rsquo;inscrit sur un support de 460 x 330 mm, dont les dimensions ne varieront pas dans l&rsquo;histoire de la collection. L&rsquo;image y est souvent encadr\u00e9e d&rsquo;une bordure dor\u00e9e, elle-m\u00eame \u00e9ventuellement soulign\u00e9e d&rsquo;un trait brun ou bleu, qui repr\u00e9sente une contrainte et limite sa taille, mais dont l&rsquo;artiste peut d\u00e9cider de s&rsquo;affranchir. Ce cadre permet aussi de varier les mises en page, le peintre pouvant contenir son motif \u00e0 l&rsquo;int\u00e9rieur du trait ou le faire d\u00e9border, en int\u00e9grant parfois des d\u00e9tails dans sa composition.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cette \u00e9dition sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par les \u00e9ditions Citadelles &amp; Mazenod et le Mus\u00e9um national d&rsquo;histoire naturelle, pr\u00e9sente l&rsquo;exceptionnelle collection de v\u00e9lins conserv\u00e9e par la Biblioth\u00e8que centrale du Mus\u00e9um. La collection des V\u00e9lins, un ensemble de pr\u00e8s de 7000 gouaches et aquarelles repr\u00e9sentant fleurs et animaux, est un pr\u00e9cieux patrimoine que partagent l&rsquo;art et la [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6399,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-livres-dart"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les V\u00e9lins du Mus\u00e9um d&#039;Histoire Naturelle Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cette \u00e9dition sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, r\u00e9alis\u00e9e par les \u00e9ditions Citadelles &amp; 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