{"id":6001,"date":"2016-12-16T15:02:53","date_gmt":"2016-12-16T14:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=6001"},"modified":"2017-01-04T07:44:23","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T06:44:23","slug":"objets-laque-japon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/objets-laque-japon\/","title":{"rendered":"Les objets en laque du japon"},"content":{"rendered":"

En 1542, des navigateurs portugais d\u00e9barqu\u00e8rent sur les c\u00f4tes nippones : ce fut le premier contact du Japon avec l\u2019Occident. Des relations commerciales s\u2019instaur\u00e8rent, dans lesquelles le Portugal fut bient\u00f4t concurrenc\u00e9 par l\u2019Espagne et les Pays-Bas. Ces derniers, qui surent rester \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart des querelles religieuses entre missionnaires, furent seuls autoris\u00e9s, au c\u00f4t\u00e9 des Chinois, \u00e0 commercer avec le Japon apr\u00e8s sa fermeture au reste du monde au milieu du XVIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

\"Encrier<\/a>
Encrier en laque du japon de la maison Boin Taburet.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Lamouret, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00e8s la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du XVIe si\u00e8cle, la beaut\u00e9 et l\u2019originalit\u00e9 des laques japonais les firent appr\u00e9cier des Occidentaux, qui pass\u00e8rent commande aupr\u00e8s des artisans nippons pour la\u00a0r\u00e9alisation d\u2019objets aux formes europ\u00e9ennes : lutrins, coffres \u00e0 couvercle bomb\u00e9, cabinets, chopes, etc.<\/p>\n

D\u00e8s lors, la production de laques se divisa en deux cat\u00e9gories, les objets destin\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019exportation et ceux r\u00e9alis\u00e9s pour le march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur (de meilleure qualit\u00e9). Pour les laques d\u2019exportation fut mis au point un d\u00e9cor sp\u00e9cifique de motifs v\u00e9g\u00e9taux et animaliers, en or et incrustations de nacre .<\/p>\n

\"Plateau<\/a>
Plateau en laque du japon, XIX\u00e8me.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Paul Azzopardi, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Durant l\u2019\u00e9poque d\u2019Edo (1615-1868), en raison de la nouvelle organisation de la vie de cour et du transfert de la capitale \u00e0 Edo (actuelle Tokyo), l\u2019art de la laque se diffusa dans tout le pays. Kyoto et Nagasaki fournissaient les laques d\u2019exportation, tandis que chaque centre \u00e9tait sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans la production d\u2019un type d\u2019objet destin\u00e9 au march\u00e9 int\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

\"Cabinet<\/a>
Cabinet en laque du Japon, Meiji 19 \u00e8me.
(c) ANTINA Market, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Certains ateliers r\u00e9alisaient des pi\u00e8ces utilitaires, de la vaisselle principalement; d\u2019autres, les meilleurs, \u00e9taient au service des grandes familles de l\u2019aristocratie et travaillaient exclusivement pour elles \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de pi\u00e8ces exceptionnelles.<\/p>\n

L\u2019usage des objets en laque \u00e9tait r\u00e9gi par des lois somptuaires et extr\u00eamement codifi\u00e9. Seules les \u00e9lites pouvaient poss\u00e9der de tr\u00e8s belles pi\u00e8ces, qui \u00e9taient davantage des objets de prestige que d\u2019usage. Parmi ces pi\u00e8ces somptuaires, citons celles qui composaient les trousseaux de mariage. Leur r\u00e9alisation demandait parfois dix ann\u00e9es de travail \u00e0 l\u2019atelier qui s\u2019en voyait confier la commande.<\/p>\n

\"Coffre<\/a>
Coffre en laque du Japon, XIX\u00e8me.
(c) Galerie Etienne Thuriet, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les princesses des grandes familles faisaient, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion de leur mariage, le voyage jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la capitale shogunale, accompagn\u00e9es d\u2019un cort\u00e8ge qui leur donnait l\u2019occasion de d\u00e9ployer leur somptueux trousseau. Il comportait de nombreux coffres, remplis de multiples objets (parfois plusieurs centaines) pour tous les usages: jeux de soci\u00e9t\u00e9, n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 encens, cabinets de toilette, n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 \u00e9crire, \u00e9tag\u00e8res \u00e0 livres, porte v\u00eatements, vaisselle, n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 fumer… tous objets plus richement d\u00e9cor\u00e9s les uns que les autres, et r\u00e9pondant chacun \u00e0 un usage tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cis. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ils n\u2019\u00e9taient que peu, voire pas utilis\u00e9s, \u00e9tant plut\u00f4t con\u00e7us pour \u00eatre des objets d\u2019apparat.<\/p>\n

\"Boite<\/a>
Boite En Laque Du Japon, 19\u00e8me Si\u00e8cle.
(c)DESARNAUD, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Apr\u00e8s un premier trait\u00e9 franco-japonais en 1858 et la participation du Japon \u00e0 l\u2019Exposition Universelle de Paris en 1867, la chute du syst\u00e8me f\u00e9odal et le d\u00e9but de l\u2019\u00e8re Meiji en 1868 ent\u00e9rin\u00e8rent l\u2019ouverture du Japon au monde ext\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n

(extrait Les laques du Japon par V\u00e9ronique Cieslik, , dipl\u00f4m\u00e9e de l\u2019Ecole du Louvre)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 1542, des navigateurs portugais d\u00e9barqu\u00e8rent sur les c\u00f4tes nippones : ce fut le premier contact du Japon avec l\u2019Occident. Des relations commerciales s\u2019instaur\u00e8rent, dans lesquelles le Portugal fut bient\u00f4t concurrenc\u00e9 par l\u2019Espagne et les Pays-Bas. Ces derniers, qui surent rester \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart des querelles religieuses entre missionnaires, furent seuls autoris\u00e9s, au c\u00f4t\u00e9 des Chinois, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":6022,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6001","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic"],"yoast_head":"\nLes objets en laque du japon Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En 1542, des navigateurs portugais d\u00e9barqu\u00e8rent sur les c\u00f4tes nippones : ce fut le premier contact du Japon avec l\u2019Occident. 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