{"id":5848,"date":"2016-11-12T16:05:26","date_gmt":"2016-11-12T15:05:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=5848"},"modified":"2017-01-04T07:53:42","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T06:53:42","slug":"jade-materiau-fascinant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/jade-materiau-fascinant\/","title":{"rendered":"Le jade: mat\u00e9riau fascinant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le jade<\/b> est une pierre gemme tr\u00e8s dure et tenace\u00a0employ\u00e9e en ornementation et en joaillerie. Les diff\u00e9rentes vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de jade \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s employ\u00e9es en Europe \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque de la pierre polie (le N\u00e9olithique) pour la confection des haches. Les artistes chinois utilisent depuis longtemps cette pierre fine pour r\u00e9aliser de petits objets d’art.<\/p>\n

Substance naturelle des montagnes et des rivi\u00e8res, le jade \u2013 yu \u2013 est exploit\u00e9 en Chine depuis plus de 8000 ans. Il est issu de l\u2019enfouissement de roches pr\u00e9existantes au cours d\u2019un processus de recombinaison sous l\u2019effet de modifications diverses (temp\u00e9rature, pression, composition chimique,\u2026)<\/p>\n

\"br\u00fble-parfum<\/a>
br\u00fble-parfum en jade n\u00e9phrite, XXeme.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s V\u00e9ronique Trindade<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bien que l\u2019on utilise g\u00e9n\u00e9riquement le terme de \u00ab jade \u00bb pour \u00e9voquer cette pierre, il s\u2019agit en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u2019une famille comprenant plusieurs assemblages de diff\u00e9rents min\u00e9raux : la jad\u00e9ite, la tr\u00e9molite et le kosmochlor. Pour d\u00e9signer la pierre qui en r\u00e9sulte, quelle qu\u2019en soit la variante, c\u2019est le terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique de \u00ab jade \u00bb qui sera ici employ\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le jade est une pierre dure, dite tenace, car elle ne peut \u00eatre taill\u00e9e \u00e0 facette, sa texture compacte r\u00e9sultant l\u2019entrelacement de microcristaux de silicates. Sa duret\u00e9 se mesure sur l\u2019\u00e9chelle de Mohs, quand le diamant atteint 10 qui est le maximum, le jade lui se situe entre 6 et 7.<\/p>\n

\"Coupe-<\/a>
Coupe- papier Russe En Argent Et Jade Vert.
(c) Galleria d’Arte Antica La Conchiglia, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Son \u00e9clat vitreux peut tendre au r\u00e9sineux voire au gras. Il est d\u00e9bit\u00e9, mis en forme et travaill\u00e9 selon diff\u00e9rentes techniques. La pierre est d\u2019abord d\u00e9grossie par percussion m\u00e9canique. Au fil du temps est apparue la technique de d\u00e9coupe \u00e0 la corde enduite de boue, de sable et d\u2019eau abrasant doucement la roche. Le foret a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9gager des disques, des anneaux et des perles. S\u2019ensuit un long polissage avec un abrasif tr\u00e8s fin.<\/p>\n

\"Chine<\/a>
Chine \u00e9poque Ming Et Qing. Garnitures de fourreau d’\u00e9p\u00e9e en jade
(c) Jean-Pierre RALLION, proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0Les couleurs du jade<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9lev\u00e9 dans les montagnes et les lits de rivi\u00e8res sous forme de galets ou de blocs massifs, le jade se trouve en de nombreux points du territoire \u00e0 port\u00e9e d\u2019atteinte de l\u2019empire chinois : Xinjiang (Turkestan oriental), nord de la Birmanie, Liaoning, etc.<\/p>\n

De translucide \u00e0 semi-opaque, la gamme de ses couleurs est tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9e : la diversit\u00e9 de coloration des jades pouvant aller du blanc au vert sombre virant au noir, du violet tendre \u00e0 l\u2019orange, du vert gris\u00e9 c\u00e9ladon au bleu. Si la couleur verte peut \u00eatre li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence de chrome, des impuret\u00e9s dans la pierre tel le fer ferrique, le mangan\u00e8se et le graphite expliquent ces gammes chromatiques.<\/p>\n

\"Boucles<\/a>
Boucles d’oreilles jade et diamants or Jaune.
(c) BAUME, proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Qu\u2019elle soit naturelle ou artificielle, l\u2019origine de la coloration n\u2019est pas toujours d\u00e9celable. En effet des modifications artificielles sont pratiqu\u00e9es d\u00e8s l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 par diff\u00e9rents proc\u00e9d\u00e9s : enfouissement sous terre, exposition ma\u00eetris\u00e9e \u00e0 la chaleur permettant d\u2019obtenir des taches jaunes tirant vers le brun clair, la \u00ab peau grill\u00e9e \u00bb (kaopizi) imitant les jades anciens.<\/p>\n

\"Pendentif<\/a>
Pendentif ancien serti \u00e0 6 griffes sur une plaque d’or lisse au dos d’un jade de couleur vert d’eau.
(c) BAUME, proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ainsi, les diff\u00e9rentes couleurs d\u2019un bloc de jade inspirent l\u2019artisan qui en joue pour orienter le sujet de sa sculpture : deux animaux m\u00eal\u00e9s dans un combat ; un paysage de montagne \u00e0 l\u2019automne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le jade est une pierre gemme tr\u00e8s dure et tenace\u00a0employ\u00e9e en ornementation et en joaillerie. Les diff\u00e9rentes vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de jade \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s employ\u00e9es en Europe \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque de la pierre polie (le N\u00e9olithique) pour la confection des haches. Les artistes chinois utilisent depuis longtemps cette pierre fine pour r\u00e9aliser de petits objets d’art. Substance naturelle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic"],"yoast_head":"\nLe jade: mat\u00e9riau fascinant Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le jade est une pierre gemme tr\u00e8s dure et tenace\u00a0employ\u00e9e en ornementation et en joaillerie. 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