{"id":5192,"date":"2016-06-23T16:19:40","date_gmt":"2016-06-23T15:19:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=5192"},"modified":"2017-01-04T08:04:58","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T07:04:58","slug":"assemblage-meubles-anciens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/assemblage-meubles-anciens\/","title":{"rendered":"Assemblage des meubles anciens"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Les anciens \u00e9gyptiens ma\u00eetrisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les principales techniques d’assemblage des meubles, notamment celui \u00e0 grain d’orge.<\/strong> Apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode d’oubli et d’ignorance, les charpentiers du Moyen Age, ou huchiers, red\u00e9couvrirent progressivement ces diff\u00e9rentes techniques: d’abord l’assemblage \u00e0 \u00a0\u00bb joints vifs\u00a0\u00bb ( \u00e0 plat- joint), r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par des pentures en fer forg\u00e9, puis , au XII\u00e8me , le montage \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0tenons et mortaises\u00a0\u00bb. Les assemblages \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0queue d’aronde\u00a0\u00bb datent du XIV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, ceux \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0onglet\u00a0\u00bb de la Renaissance . Ces assemblages combinent \u00a0coupes, entailles, mortaises de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 permettre l\u2019embo\u00eetement des pi\u00e8ces et leur maintien.<\/p>\n

\"Coffre<\/a>
Coffre \u00e0 pentures
France, XIVe si\u00e8cle
\u00a9 Les Arts D\u00e9coratifs \/ photo : Jean Tholance<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Il existe de tr\u00e8s nombreux types d’assemblage en fonction de la forme du meuble, de la qualit\u00e9 des bois et des sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de leur coupe: bois de fil, bois de traverse, bois de bout.<\/p>\n

On trouve \u00e9galement des assemblages \u00e0 rainures et languettes<\/i>, parfois \u00e0 fausses languettes, pour les panneaux ou les lames de parquet, ainsi que par tourillons ou par pigeons pour certains cadres et ossatures. Dans certains cas, interviennent des questions d\u2019aspect et d\u2019esth\u00e9tique qui font r\u00e9aliser des assemblages n\u2019apparaissant pas en surface, pour permettre ensuite le placage et la finition (coupes plates, fausses coupes, etc.).<\/p>\n

<\/a>
D\u00e9tail d’un assemblage d’une commode d’\u00e9poque Transition.
(c) Francois fr\u00e8res<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Assemblage \u00e0 grain d’orge<\/h3>\n

Assemblage en grain d’orge est un assemblage en forme de V, compos\u00e9 d’une pi\u00e8ce \u00e0 angle aigu et d’une autre \u00e0 angle rentrant.<\/p>\n

l’assemblage \u00e0 \u00a0\u00bb joints vifs\u00a0\u00bb ( \u00e0 plat- joint)<\/h3>\n

L’assemblage plat-joint n’est pas a proprement parl\u00e9 un assemblage. il s’agit seulement d’une planche coll\u00e9 \u00e0 chant sur une autre planche. Cet \u00ab\u00a0jointure\u00a0\u00bb n’est pas consolid\u00e9 par des vis, des tourillons, lamelles ou autres faussent languettes mais\u00a0<\/span>maintenue par des pentures. \u00a0Ces ferrures, appel\u00e9es pentures assurent la solidit\u00e9 et la rigidit\u00e9 du meuble.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"(c)<\/a><\/p>\n

Assemblage\u00a0\u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0tenons et mortaises\u00a0\u00bb<\/h3>\n

Le tenon est la partie m\u00e2le d’une pi\u00e8ce de construction destin\u00e9e \u00e0 \u00eatre enfonc\u00e9e dans la partie femelle d’une autre pi\u00e8ce et qui tient les deux par embo\u00eetement. La partie femelle est appel\u00e9e la mortaise. Un tel assemblage peut \u00eatre chevill\u00e9 \u00e0 l’aide d’une cheville de bois.<\/p>\n

Cheviller un assemblage, c’est le bloquer en le faisant traverser enti\u00e8rement par une petite pi\u00e8ce de bois g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de section carr\u00e9e, qu’on appelle une cheville. La cheville \u00e9tant forc\u00e9e dans un per\u00e7age circulaire, elle verrouille l’assemblage en interdisant tout mouvement de retrait.<\/p>\n

\"assemblage<\/a><\/p>\n

Assemblage \u00e0 \u00ab\u00a0queue d’aronde\u00a0\u00bb<\/h3>\n

Assemblage de deux pi\u00e8ces d’un meuble s\u2019embo\u00eetant par des encoches ayant la forme d’une queue d\u2019hirondelle ( aronde, en vieux fran\u00e7ais) ou plut\u00f4t d’un trap\u00e8ze. Il est adopt\u00e9 en France au XIV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle et essentiellement utilis\u00e9 pour le montage des pi\u00e8ces \u00e0 angle droit.<\/p>\n

\"Assemblage<\/a>
Assemblage queue d’aronde.
(c) Eb\u00e9niste Christian Cognard<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Assemblage \u00e0 onglet<\/h3>\n

M\u00e9thode d’assemblage qui consiste \u00e0 couper l’extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 d’une pi\u00e8ce suivant un angle de 45\u00b0. (Les coupes d’onglets se tracent avec l’\u00e9querre dite \u00e9querre d’onglet <\/i><\/span>ou avec la bo\u00eete \u00e0 onglet.<\/i><\/span>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Les anciens \u00e9gyptiens ma\u00eetrisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les principales techniques d’assemblage des meubles, notamment celui \u00e0 grain d’orge. Apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode d’oubli et d’ignorance, les charpentiers du Moyen Age, ou huchiers, red\u00e9couvrirent progressivement ces diff\u00e9rentes techniques: d’abord l’assemblage \u00e0 \u00a0\u00bb joints vifs\u00a0\u00bb ( \u00e0 plat- joint), r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par des pentures en fer forg\u00e9, puis , au XII\u00e8me […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":5222,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[372],"tags":[560,194],"class_list":["post-5192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abc-du-decor","tag-assemblage","tag-mobilier"],"yoast_head":"\nAssemblage des meubles anciens Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00a0Les anciens \u00e9gyptiens ma\u00eetrisaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 les principales techniques d'assemblage des meubles, notamment celui \u00e0 grain d'orge. 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