{"id":4724,"date":"2016-03-03T17:18:50","date_gmt":"2016-03-03T16:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=4724"},"modified":"2016-03-06T20:49:28","modified_gmt":"2016-03-06T19:49:28","slug":"les-techniques-de-lemaillage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/les-techniques-de-lemaillage\/","title":{"rendered":"Les techniques de l’\u00e9maillage"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0<\/strong>L\u2019\u00e9mail est un terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique d\u00e9finissant plusieurs techniques dont la particularit\u00e9 est de faire appel au feu pour fixer une mati\u00e8re vitreuse sur un support m\u00e9tallique.<\/p>\n

Les diff\u00e9rentes techniques d\u2019\u00e9maillage<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9mail champlev\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019artiste creuse des cavit\u00e9s dans l\u2019\u00e9paisseur du m\u00e9tal selon le dessin pr\u00e9vu, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de burins et d\u2019\u00e9choppes. L\u2019\u00e9mail en poudre humide y est d\u00e9pos\u00e9 puis subit les cuissons lui permettant de se fixer au m\u00e9tal. La couleur est ainsi cern\u00e9e par le m\u00e9tal que l\u2019outil a \u00e9pargn\u00e9es, d\u2019o\u00f9 le nom de \u00ab taille d\u2019\u00e9pargne \u00bb qui s\u2019applique \u00e9galement \u00e0 cette technique. Des pon\u00e7ages successifs de plus en plus fins \u00e9liminent alors l\u2019\u00e9mail exc\u00e9dentaire et redonnent \u00e0 la pi\u00e8ce le poli n\u00e9cessaire. Une dorure donne \u00e0 la pi\u00e8ce son aspect d\u00e9finitif et la rend inalt\u00e9rable. Le champlev\u00e9 est la technique des \u00e9maux limousins du Moyen Age.<\/p>\n

\"Garniture<\/a>
Garniture De Chemin\u00e9e En Bronze Dor\u00e9 Et \u00e9mail peint, XIXe Si\u00e8cle.
(c) Galerie Atena, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0L\u2019\u00e9mail cloisonn\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Connue d\u00e8s l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, cette technique consiste \u00e0 fixer par soudure de fines cloisons d\u2019or, d\u2019argent ou de cuivre sur le support de m\u00e9tal, cr\u00e9ant ainsi un r\u00e9seau d\u2019alv\u00e9oles qui maintiennent l\u2019\u00e9mail de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9cise \u00e0 la place souhait\u00e9e. L\u2019\u00e9maillage et la finition sont de m\u00eame nature que pour la technique du champlev\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Boite<\/a>
Boite En \u00e9mail Cloisonn\u00e9 XIX\u00e8me.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Guillaume Rullier<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0L\u2019\u00e9mail peint<\/strong><\/p>\n

La plaque est recouverte de fondant sur ses deux faces et subit une premi\u00e8re cuisson : l\u2019envers est ainsi prot\u00e9g\u00e9 des attaques du temps et l\u2019endroit pr\u00e9par\u00e9 \u00e0 recevoir le d\u00e9cor. Ce dernier s\u2019obtient par la superposition de nombreuses couches d\u2019\u00e9mail color\u00e9, d\u00e9pos\u00e9 \u00e0 la spatule, qu\u2019un nombre identique de cuissons permet de fixer. Des couleurs vitrifiables, broy\u00e9es suffisamment fines pour \u00eatre mani\u00e9es au pinceau, permettent de rehausser certains d\u00e9tails. De m\u00eame, la pose de minces feuilles d\u2019or ou d\u2019argent, appel\u00e9es \u00ab paillons \u00bb, noy\u00e9es dans l\u2019\u00e9mail, conf\u00e8re \u00e0 la couleur un \u00e9clat particulier. La technique de l\u2019\u00e9mail peint appara\u00eet \u00e0 Limoges \u00e0 la fin du 15\u00e8mesi\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

\"Etui<\/a>
Etui \u00e0 Couture \u00e9mail et Bronze Dor\u00e9. 18\u00e8.
(c) Luc de Laval Antiquit\u00e9s \u00e0 Vannes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0La grisaille<\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u00e9riv\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9mail peint, elle consiste \u00e0 superposer un \u00e9mail blanc sur un fond noir. Par grattage, \u00e0 l\u2019aide d\u2019outils extr\u00eamement fins, l\u2019artiste obtient une gamme tr\u00e8s \u00e9tendue de gris, qui convient admirablement \u00e0 l\u2019art du portrait. Elle fit la renomm\u00e9e de Limoges \u00e0 la Renaissance.<\/p>\n

\"<\/a>
Vase soliflore en \u00e9mail sur cuivre de Jules Sarlandie.
(c) Galerie Laurent Goudard, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0 L\u2019\u00e9mail de basse-taille<\/strong><\/p>\n

La plaque de m\u00e9tal est ouvrag\u00e9e par gravure, martelage, ciselage ou tout autre proc\u00e9d\u00e9 similaire. Des \u00e9maux translucides sont cuits sur le support ainsi pr\u00e9par\u00e9 et permettent de myst\u00e9rieux et chatoyants jeux de transparence.<\/p>\n

\"Coupe<\/a>
Coupe en \u00e9mail de Limoges et cristal de Baccarat.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Secrettand, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00a0\u00c9maux de plique<\/strong><\/p>\n

La plaque est perc\u00e9e de part en part \u00e0 l\u2019endroit des surfaces color\u00e9es. L\u2019\u00e9mail est log\u00e9 dans ces ouvertures et demeure, apr\u00e8s cuisson, apparent sur l\u2019endroit et l\u2019envers de la plaque. L\u2019effet est comparable \u00e0 celui du vitrail mais sur des formats beaucoup plus r\u00e9duits cependant.<\/p>\n

En savoir plus:<\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.museebal.fr\/<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0L\u2019\u00e9mail est un terme g\u00e9n\u00e9rique d\u00e9finissant plusieurs techniques dont la particularit\u00e9 est de faire appel au feu pour fixer une mati\u00e8re vitreuse sur un support m\u00e9tallique. Les diff\u00e9rentes techniques d\u2019\u00e9maillage L\u2019\u00e9mail champlev\u00e9 L\u2019artiste creuse des cavit\u00e9s dans l\u2019\u00e9paisseur du m\u00e9tal selon le dessin pr\u00e9vu, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de burins et d\u2019\u00e9choppes. L\u2019\u00e9mail en poudre humide y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4753,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic"],"yoast_head":"\nLes techniques de l'\u00e9maillage Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta 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