{"id":4184,"date":"2015-11-11T14:50:12","date_gmt":"2015-11-11T13:50:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=4184"},"modified":"2017-01-04T09:51:42","modified_gmt":"2017-01-04T08:51:42","slug":"le-trompe-loeil-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/le-trompe-loeil-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Trompe -L’Oeil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le trompe-l\u2019\u0153il est, comme son nom l\u2019indique, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 tromper l\u2019\u0153il et trouve son origine dans les fresques et mosa\u00efques antiques.<\/strong> Le r\u00e9cit le plus ancien qui marque le d\u00e9but du trompe-l\u2019\u0153il est celui de Pline l\u2019Ancien. Il rapporte dans son Histoire naturelle<\/i> comment le peintre Zeuxis (464-398 av. JC<\/span>), dans une comp\u00e9tition qui l\u2019opposait au peintre Parrhasius, avait repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 des raisins si parfaits que des oiseaux vinrent voleter autour.<\/p>\n

Si l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 est le point de d\u00e9part de cette illusion parfaite, la Renaissance et le Mani\u00e9risme vont amplifier ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne avant que la p\u00e9riode Baroque n\u2019en fasse un genre \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re. Toutes les p\u00e9riodes vont s\u2019y int\u00e9resser, m\u00eame si les supports et les enjeux ne sont plus les m\u00eames.<\/p>\n

\"Porte<\/a>
D\u00e9cor de th\u00e9\u00e2tre , porte \u00a0Louis XV en trompe l’oeil.
(c) Galerie de la Madeleine, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En art d\u00e9coratif, cette tromperie des yeux recouvre diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9alit\u00e9s\u00a0: l\u2019imitation, le pastiche ou les illusions d\u2019optique.<\/p>\n

Le trompe-l\u2019\u0153il tend \u00e0 restituer le sujet avec la plus grande v\u00e9rit\u00e9 possible, principalement en donnant l\u2019illusion du relief. Pour y parvenir, le peintre n’utilise qu’une profondeur restreinte et le contraste d’un premier plan clair se d\u00e9tachant sur un arri\u00e8re-plan sombre ( technique du clair-obscur).<\/p>\n

Souvent utilis\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9cor . Le trompe -l’oeil , exercice virtuose en peinture, est employ\u00e9 aussi avec humour dans des effets de relief sur certaines c\u00e9ramiques figurant des aliments app\u00e9tissants mais impossibles \u00e0 saisir, dans des fa\u00e7ades de meubles et des int\u00e9rieurs de cabinets, pour cr\u00e9er l’illusion d’\u00e9tag\u00e8res de faux livres, ou pour l’imitations de marbres, de pierres dures comme la malachite, ou de bois.<\/p>\n

\"Coupe<\/a>
Coupe en c\u00e9ramique en trompe l’oeil.
(c) Bertrand de Metz-Noblat. Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L’illusion de la perception<\/strong><\/p>\n

A priori, rien, ni dans la technique, ni dans les mat\u00e9riaux, ne distingue un Trompe-l’\u0153il d’une autre peinture. Pourtant tout y est diff\u00e9rent. Dans le Trompe-l’\u0153il ce n’est pas le spectateur qui franchit volontairement le seuil de l’\u0153uvre, c’est l’\u0153uvre qui, sournoisement, vient au devant du spectateur et le prend par surprise.<\/p>\n

La technique du peintre se mesure \u00e0 une repr\u00e9sentation convaincante et troublante de r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Et pour ajouter au rendu pictural, le peintre de trompe-l\u2019\u0153il r\u00e8gle la position du tableau\u00a0: la hauteur d\u2019accrochage du tableau sur le mur est ajust\u00e9e en fonction du regard du spectateur. La distance au tableau est elle aussi essentielle, la construction perspective\u00a0du tableau en d\u00e9pend.<\/p>\n

\"Panneau<\/a>
Panneau d\u00e9coratif en trompe l’oeil .
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Fontaine, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le jeu de l\u2019ombre et de la lumi\u00e8re confirmera la justesse des couleurs, rendant pertinente la repr\u00e9sentation d\u2019objets. Leur pr\u00e9sence est si trompeuse qu\u2019ils semblent appartenir \u00e0 l\u2019espace r\u00e9el du spectateur. Vrais objets\u00a0? Cette v\u00e9rit\u00e9 du trompe-l\u2019\u0153il, patiemment et habilement fabriqu\u00e9e, est un art du faux, faux semblant, ruse de la couleur et du dessin exact. L\u2019ombre est reine qui mod\u00e8le les volumes et les reliefs et r\u00e9pond \u00e0 sa complice la lumi\u00e8re. La curiosit\u00e9 du spectateur est piqu\u00e9e \u00e0 ce pari du trompe-l\u2019\u0153il dont on sort conquis, mais pas dupe. Ce clin d\u2019\u0153il avec le \u00ab\u00a0voyeur\u00a0\u00bb du tableau en donne bien la limite.<\/p>\n

Le clin d\u2019\u0153il et l\u2019humour qui accompagnent bien souvent le trompe-l\u2019\u0153il en sont l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9gance. La distance a fond\u00e9 le point de vue, l\u2019approche du tableau r\u00e9v\u00e9lera le stratag\u00e8me\u00a0: il ne s\u2019agit que de peinture mais l\u2019art a jou\u00e9 son r\u00f4le.<\/p>\n

\"Miroir<\/a>
Miroir Dor\u00e9 en Trompe l’Oeil.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00e9coration en trompe-l\u2019\u0153il<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le trompe-l\u2019\u0153il a excell\u00e9 dans les natures mortes, les chantourn\u00e9s, les grisailles\u00a0\u00a0de bas-reliefs, les \u00e9tag\u00e8res, les faux cadres, les faux objets, les dessus de porte, devants de chemin\u00e9es, devants de feu.<\/p>\n

En d\u00e9coration, le trompe-l\u2019\u0153il s\u2019attache \u00e0 imiter les mati\u00e8res\u00a0se fondant avec l\u2019architecture. Il peut m\u00eame s’int\u00e9grer sur un pan de mur entier .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le trompe-l\u2019\u0153il est, comme son nom l\u2019indique, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 tromper l\u2019\u0153il et trouve son origine dans les fresques et mosa\u00efques antiques. Le r\u00e9cit le plus ancien qui marque le d\u00e9but du trompe-l\u2019\u0153il est celui de Pline l\u2019Ancien. Il rapporte dans son Histoire naturelle comment le peintre Zeuxis (464-398 av. JC), dans une comp\u00e9tition qui l\u2019opposait […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4203,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[372],"tags":[160],"class_list":["post-4184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abc-du-decor","tag-trompe-loeil"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Trompe -L'Oeil Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le trompe-l\u2019\u0153il est, comme son nom l\u2019indique, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 tromper l\u2019\u0153il et trouve son origine dans les fresques et mosa\u00efques antiques. 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