{"id":4083,"date":"2015-10-20T17:04:19","date_gmt":"2015-10-20T16:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=4083"},"modified":"2015-10-25T14:22:01","modified_gmt":"2015-10-25T13:22:01","slug":"le-bleu-deck","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/le-bleu-deck\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Bleu Deck"},"content":{"rendered":"

Joseph-Th\u00e9odore Deck est n\u00e9 en 1823 \u00e0 Guebwiller, une commune du Haut-Rhin. Il r\u00eavait de devenir sculpteur mais ses origines modestes l’orient\u00e8rent vers un m\u00e9tier plus prosa\u00efque : celui de potier c\u00e9ramiste.<\/strong> Il apprend la technique de la c\u00e9ramique en tant que fabricant de fours couverts de carreaux en c\u00e9ramique et voyage en Allemagne, Hongrie et en Autriche afin de se perfectionner.<\/p>\n

\"Grand<\/a>
Grand plat (vers 1875), Baltimore, Walters Art Museum.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A l’\u00e2ge de 24 ans, il s’installe \u00e0 Paris afin d’exercer son art et travaille dans une usine qui fabrique des fours en c\u00e9ramique. Il ouvre son propre atelier de fa\u00efence en 1856 avec son fr\u00e8re et son neveu et se sp\u00e9cialise dans le style oriental et plus particuli\u00e8rement dans le style d’Iznik. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1880 il explore la tradition chinoise et collabore avec Rapha\u00ebl Collin, un peintre acad\u00e9mique professeur \u00e0 l’acad\u00e9mie des Beaux Arts reconnu pour les liens qu’il a tiss\u00e9s entre l’art fran\u00e7ais et l’art japonais \u00e0 la fois en peinture et en c\u00e9ramique. Il a publi\u00e9 un trait\u00e9 sur l’art de la fa\u00efence en 1887.<\/p>\n

\"Chat<\/a>
Chat bleu, Guebwiller, mus\u00e9e Th\u00e9odore Deck.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Artiste, d\u00e9corateur et chimiste artisan, il privil\u00e9gie la surface picturale et la recherche chromatique. On lui doit une large gamme de techniques nouvelles comme la gla\u00e7ure sur feuille d\u2019or, appliqu\u00e9e sur les pi\u00e8ces d\u00e9coratives. Th\u00e9odore Deck r\u00e9alise aussi d\u2019importants travaux de c\u00e9ramique architecturale \u00e0 l\u2019exemple de l\u2019ornementation murale embellissant l\u2019h\u00f4tel de la comtesse de Pa\u00efva, sur les Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\"Vase<\/a>
Vase balustre, Marseille, mus\u00e9e des Arts d\u00e9coratifs, de la Fa\u00efence et de la Mode.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Alliant une solide technique \u00e0 une imagination stylistique d\u00e9bordante, \u00a0va \u00a0s\u2019int\u00e9resser de tr\u00e8s pr\u00e8s aux couleurs. il \u00a0cr\u00e9e une palette d\u2019\u00e9maux in\u00e9dits, inspir\u00e9s \u00e0 la fois de la Renaissance italienne, de la Gr\u00e8ce antique, du naturalisme japonais et de l\u2019Orient islamique.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9odore Deck, c\u2019est d\u2019abord un bleu qui porte son nom. Un bleu superbe, opaque et moins vitrifi\u00e9, aux vibrations encore inconnues, dont la qualit\u00e9 principale est de modifier sa nuance en fonction de l\u2019\u00e9paisseur. Cette couleur turquoise vaut au c\u00e9ramiste d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9compens\u00e9 en 1861 \u00e0 l\u2019Exposition universelle des arts industriels de Paris.<\/p>\n

\"Plat<\/a>
Plat ca. 1870
Joseph-Th\u00e9odore Deck<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C\u2019est un tesson provenant de Perse qui le met sur la piste de ce bleu \u00e9vocateur. Il l\u2019analyse et d\u00e9couvre que sa composition est compl\u00e9tement diff\u00e9rente de ce que l\u2019on produit alors en Europe. Il retrouvera la formule permettant d\u2019obtenir cette couleur intense \u00e0 la jonction entre le bleu turc, le bleu persan, le bleu \u00e9gyptien et le bleu chinois, une teinte d\u2019un turquoise profond.<\/p>\n

\"Carreaux<\/a>
Carreaux de fa\u00efence de Th\u00e9odore Deck<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ce sont des peuplades venues d\u2019Anatolie qui v\u00e9hicul\u00e8rent cette technique ne contenant que 5\u00a0% de colorants. Le contr\u00f4le de la temp\u00e9rature de cuisson est essentiel pour l\u2019obtention de la couleur. Plut\u00f4t que d\u2019utiliser du cobalt, Th\u00e9odore Deck use de l\u2019oxyde de cuivre, qui, m\u00e9lang\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, provoque une transmutation chimique. Les recherches sur le bleu de cuivre avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9es par Louis Alphonse Salv\u00e9tat (1820-1882) \u00e0 la manufacture de S\u00e8vres, Joseph-Th\u00e9odore Deck\u00a0les approfondissant pour en faire un succ\u00e8s aussi bien esth\u00e9tique que commercial.<\/p>\n

Auteur d\u2019un trait\u00e9 magistral sur la fa\u00efence, il est nomm\u00e9 en 1887 directeur de la manufacture nationale de S\u00e8vres et forme ainsi plusieurs c\u00e9ramistes talentueux de l\u2019art nouveau\u00a0: Edmond Lachenal, Adalbert de Beaumont, Ernest Carri\u00e8re.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Joseph-Th\u00e9odore Deck est n\u00e9 en 1823 \u00e0 Guebwiller, une commune du Haut-Rhin. Il r\u00eavait de devenir sculpteur mais ses origines modestes l’orient\u00e8rent vers un m\u00e9tier plus prosa\u00efque : celui de potier c\u00e9ramiste. Il apprend la technique de la c\u00e9ramique en tant que fabricant de fours couverts de carreaux en c\u00e9ramique et voyage en Allemagne, Hongrie […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":4107,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[372],"tags":[48,138,247],"class_list":["post-4083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abc-du-decor","tag-ceramique","tag-faience","tag-theodore-deck"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Bleu Deck Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Joseph-Th\u00e9odore Deck est n\u00e9 en 1823 \u00e0 Guebwiller, une commune du Haut-Rhin. 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