{"id":3729,"date":"2015-07-25T17:17:15","date_gmt":"2015-07-25T16:17:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=3729"},"modified":"2017-12-15T11:06:44","modified_gmt":"2017-12-15T10:06:44","slug":"les-origines-des-transferts-decoratifs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/les-origines-des-transferts-decoratifs\/","title":{"rendered":"Les origines des transferts d\u00e9coratifs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le d\u00e9cor peint \u00e0 la main sur porcelaine perdit peu \u00e0 peu de son prestige avec l’apparition du \u00a0\u00bb chromo\u00a0\u00bb, proc\u00e9d\u00e9 d’impression sur porcelaine.<\/strong>\u00a0En effet, jusqu’alors, les porcelaines \u00e9taient peintes \u00e0 la main, la technique dite \u00ab\u00a0chromo\u00a0\u00bb, qui consiste \u00e0 d\u00e9calquer le dessin sur la pi\u00e8ce comme la d\u00e9calcomanie que l’on appelle \u00e9galement la technique par transfert, fut utilis\u00e9e \u00e0 partir du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n

\"Impression<\/a>
Impression de chromos pour la d\u00e9coration sur porcelaine.
(c) Beyrand<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les premiers \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9calcomanies\u00a0\u00bb sur porcelaine sont monochromes : d\u00e9grad\u00e9s de noir, de gris, de vert\u2026.\u00a0 La technique de l\u2019impression permettait de simplifier les op\u00e9rations de d\u00e9coration et d\u2019orner en s\u00e9rie et beaucoup plus rapidement de nombreuses porcelaines.<\/p>\n

L\u2019invention vers 1870 du papier report, appel\u00e9 d\u00e9calque, est due au graveur fran\u00e7ais Simon Fran\u00e7ois Ravenet, install\u00e9 en Angleterre, et qui travaillait pour une fabrique de porcelaine \u00e0 Chelsea. Il imagine d\u2019imprimer en taille-douce (sur plaque de cuivre) un papier particulier, qui permettait de reporter son dessin sur les pi\u00e8ces de porcelaine.<\/p>\n

\"Chromos<\/a>
Chromos sur porcelaine
(c) maisonporcelaine.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Alois Senefelder\u00a0d\u00e9veloppe au d\u00e9but du XIXe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle la lithographie qu\u2019il a invent\u00e9e, et qui est le premier proc\u00e9d\u00e9 d\u2019impression non bas\u00e9 sur le relief. On dessine ou on \u00e9crit sur une pierre calcaire, \u00e0 l\u2019envers. En cherchant \u00e0 faciliter cette op\u00e9ration, Senefelder met au point le papier report\u00a0: un papier sp\u00e9cialement pr\u00e9par\u00e9 pour que l\u2019on puisse \u00e9crire et dessiner normalement, \u00e0 l\u2019endroit\u00a0: appliqu\u00e9 ensuite sur la pierre lithographique, l\u2019encre y est report\u00e9e, le papier enlev\u00e9, et on peut poursuivre les op\u00e9rations de la m\u00eame fa\u00e7on que si le dessin avait \u00e9t\u00e9 fait directement sur la pierre.<\/p>\n

Ce principe va \u00eatre repris et amplifi\u00e9 par la chromolithographie, qui est un d\u00e9veloppement technologique de la lithographie en plusieurs couleurs. L\u2019impression d\u00e9finitive est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur un papier report\u00a0: elle est ensuite transf\u00e9r\u00e9e sur des objets en relief .<\/p>\n

\"Pose<\/a>
Pose de chromos sur des articles en porcelaine.
(c) Deshouli\u00e8res \u00e0 Fo\u00ebcy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le principe du report trouve un int\u00e9r\u00eat majeur dans les impressions sur porcelaine. Jusque-l\u00e0 le d\u00e9cor des porcelaines \u00e9tait r\u00e9alis\u00e9 \u00e0 la main. C\u2019\u00e9tait un travail de sp\u00e9cialiste qui demandait une grande habilet\u00e9 et beaucoup de temps, m\u00eame s\u2019il s\u2019agissait de r\u00e9p\u00e9ter des motifs pr\u00e9\u00e9tablis.<\/p>\n

C’est sur une pi\u00e8ce d\u00e9j\u00e0 cuite et \u00e9maill\u00e9e que l’on pose \u00a0le chromo qui est tremp\u00e9 \u00a0au pr\u00e9alable dans un bain d\u2019eau pour d\u00e9coller le papier support, puis\u00a0on peut proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la cuisson. Lors de cette cuisson, les peintures utilis\u00e9es s\u2019int\u00e8grent d\u00e9finitivement au support.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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Le d\u00e9cor peint \u00e0 la main sur porcelaine perdit peu \u00e0 peu de son prestige avec l’apparition du \u00a0\u00bb chromo\u00a0\u00bb, proc\u00e9d\u00e9 d’impression sur porcelaine.\u00a0En effet, jusqu’alors, les porcelaines \u00e9taient peintes \u00e0 la main, la technique dite \u00ab\u00a0chromo\u00a0\u00bb, qui consiste \u00e0 d\u00e9calquer le dessin sur la pi\u00e8ce comme la d\u00e9calcomanie que l’on appelle \u00e9galement la technique […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3765,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[372],"tags":[513,514,208,118],"class_list":["post-3729","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abc-du-decor","tag-chromo","tag-decalcomanie","tag-decor","tag-porcelaine"],"yoast_head":"\nLes origines des transferts d\u00e9coratifs Le Magazine de 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