{"id":3334,"date":"2015-04-26T09:16:15","date_gmt":"2015-04-26T08:16:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=3334"},"modified":"2015-04-26T09:23:35","modified_gmt":"2015-04-26T08:23:35","slug":"le-cristal-de-boheme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/le-cristal-de-boheme\/","title":{"rendered":"Le cristal de Boh\u00eame"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le cristal de Boh\u00eame\u00a0<\/b>est une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de verre , transparent et clair comme le cristal de roche . <\/strong>C’est au XVIII\u00e8me\u00a0si\u00e8cle que la Boh\u00eame\u00a0\u00a0s’illustre dans l’histoire de l’industrie du cristal tant par la cr\u00e9ation d’un cristal artificiel, que par la qualit\u00e9 de ses ouvriers verriers. Nombre de ces derniers ont immigr\u00e9 en Europe du nord-ouest \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, et ont apport\u00e9 leur technique et savoir-faire.<\/p>\n

Sous le r\u00e8gne (1576-1612) de l\u2019empereur Rodolphe\u00a0II de Habsbourg, empereur de la dynastie des Habsbourg qui choisit Prague comme capitale, les verriers de Boh\u00eame d\u00e9butent l\u2019\u00e9volution qui va les transformer en une v\u00e9ritable concurrence pour la verrerie de tradition v\u00e9nitienne.\u00a0L\u2019empereur \u00e9tait un grand amateur d’arts, de sorte que de nombreux tailleurs de pierres, notamment de cristal de roche, abondant en Boh\u00eame, travaillaient pour lui dans la capitale de l\u2019Empire, la ville de Prague, o\u00f9 il r\u00e9sidait.<\/p>\n

\"Vase<\/a>
Vase en cristal de Boh\u00e8me. XX\u00e8me.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Wunschel Herv\u00e9, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les ma\u00eetres-verriers de la r\u00e9gion s\u2019inspirent du fameux verre v\u00e9nitien, mais ils passent bient\u00f4t \u00e0 un verre plus \u00e9pais. L\u2019\u00e9paisseur de cette mati\u00e8re, qui rappelle le cristal de roche, permet aux verriers de Boh\u00eame de d\u00e9velopper un art de la gravure, puis de la taille, qui remporte un grand succ\u00e8s. Au 17 e<\/sup> s., la production de verre grav\u00e9 se d\u00e9veloppe en Boh\u00eame et la r\u00e9gion exporte dans de nombreux pays.<\/p>\n

\"Lustre<\/a>
Lustre \u00e0 Pampilles En Cristal De Boh\u00eame.
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Le Clos de Lutaine, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

C’est probablement en 1683 que le ma\u00eetre-verrier Michael M\u00fcller d\u00e9couvrit le fameux cristal de Boh\u00eame.\u00a0La mise au point d\u2019un nouveau verre tr\u00e8s pur, qu\u2019on d\u00e9nomme, toujours en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au cristal de roche, le cristal de Boh\u00eame, est la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape de cette ascension du verre artistique en Europe centrale puis dans les pays germaniques. Ce verre, qui se travaille plus ais\u00e9ment en parois \u00e9paisses, trouve, avec le renouveau des d\u00e9cors grav\u00e9s \u00e0 la roue, une tradition quasiment oubli\u00e9e depuis les grandes \u00e9poques du verre byzantin et islamique, son mode de mise en valeur principal.<\/p>\n

\"Coffret<\/a>
Coffret en cristal de Boh\u00eame . 19\u00e8me.
(c) Club Objet, Proantic.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Probablement plus qu\u2019\u00e0 Venise, la tradition alchimique joue \u00e0 Prague et dans la zone du Saint Empire \u00a0un r\u00f4le important, particuli\u00e8rement avec les recherches sur les colorations rouge au cuivre et surtout \u00e0 l\u2019or.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00a0C\u2019est aux 18 e<\/sup> et 19 e<\/sup> s. que sont fond\u00e9es les grandes maisons qui font encore aujourd\u2019hui la renomm\u00e9e du cristal de Boh\u00eame<\/strong> ; la mise au point du verre color\u00e9 au cours de cette p\u00e9riode, le savoir-faire des ma\u00eetres-verriers et la qualit\u00e9 du sable qui entre dans la composition de ce verre si particulier permettent en effet \u00e0 la r\u00e9gion de rivaliser avec les cristalleries les plus prestigieuses.<\/p>\n

\"Vase<\/a>
Vase En Cristal De Boh\u00eame\u00a0
(c) Antiquit\u00e9s Robine, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les commer\u00e7ants tch\u00e8ques conquirent incontestablement les march\u00e9s mondiaux avec des produits fabriqu\u00e9s \u00e0 partir de ce cristal, au d\u00e9triment du cristal italien de Murano. \u00a0Au cours du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, pratiquement tous les ma\u00eetres-verriers du pays fabriquaient ce type de verre noble aux parois \u00e9paisses, d\u2019une duret\u00e9 et d’une brillance forte \u2013 le cristal \u2013 susceptible d\u2019\u00eatre taill\u00e9 comme une pierre pr\u00e9cieuse.<\/p>\n

Cependant, \u00e0 partir du d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle, le cristal de Boh\u00eame n\u2019arrive plus \u00e0 concurrencer le nouveau verre au plomb import\u00e9 d\u2019Angleterre, bien moins co\u00fbteux. Invent\u00e9 au XVIIe si\u00e8cle, ce n’est qu’alors que ce verre au plomb envahit l\u2019Europe. Et c\u2019est justement ce produit d\u2019origine anglaise que l\u2019on d\u00e9signe aujourd\u2019hui sous le nom de cristal\u00a0: la temp\u00e9rature de sa fusion est plus basse, il est plus susceptible d’\u00eatre taill\u00e9 et coup\u00e9, et, enfin, il est plus \u00e9tincelant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le cristal de Boh\u00eame\u00a0est une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de verre , transparent et clair comme le cristal de roche . C’est au XVIII\u00e8me\u00a0si\u00e8cle que la Boh\u00eame\u00a0\u00a0s’illustre dans l’histoire de l’industrie du cristal tant par la cr\u00e9ation d’un cristal artificiel, que par la qualit\u00e9 de ses ouvriers verriers. Nombre de ces derniers ont immigr\u00e9 en Europe du nord-ouest […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":3348,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[485],"class_list":["post-3334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic","tag-cristal-de-boheme"],"yoast_head":"\nLe cristal de Boh\u00eame Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le cristal de Boh\u00eame\u00a0est une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de verre , transparent et clair comme le cristal de roche . 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