{"id":2932,"date":"2015-02-07T12:30:30","date_gmt":"2015-02-07T11:30:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=2932"},"modified":"2017-12-15T11:22:44","modified_gmt":"2017-12-15T10:22:44","slug":"les-planches-de-lencyclopedie-diderot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/les-planches-de-lencyclopedie-diderot\/","title":{"rendered":"Les Planches de l\u2019Encyclop\u00e9die Diderot"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Encyclop\u00e9die ou Dictionnaire raisonn\u00e9 des sciences, des arts et des m\u00e9tiers est une encyclop\u00e9die fran\u00e7aise, \u00e9dit\u00e9e de 1751 \u00e0 1751\u00a0sous la direction de Diderot\u00a0et de d’ Alembert.<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u2019Encyclop\u00e9die\u00a0est un ouvrage majeur du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle et la premi\u00e8re encyclop\u00e9die fran\u00e7aise. Par la synth\u00e8se des connaissances du temps qu\u2019elle contient, elle repr\u00e9sente un travail r\u00e9dactionnel et \u00e9ditorial consid\u00e9rable pour l\u2019\u00e9poque, men\u00e9 par des Encyclop\u00e9distes constitu\u00e9s en \u00ab\u00a0soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de gens de lettres\u00a0\u00bb. Enfin, au-del\u00e0 des savoirs qu\u2019elle compile, le travail qu\u2019elle repr\u00e9sente et les finalit\u00e9s dont la chargent ses auteurs deviennent un symbole de l\u2019\u0153uvre des Lumi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

\"Menuisiers<\/a>
Menuisiers \u00e9b\u00e9nistes. \u00ab\u00a0Mani\u00e8re de refendre le bois de placage\u00a0\u00bb ou fabrication des placages<\/strong>
, Encyclop\u00e9die Diderot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A l’\u00e9poque, pas d’acc\u00e8s \u00e0 Internet et encore moins de dictionnaire pour se documenter. Le d\u00e9fi \u00e9tait donc de taille : donner de l’information accessible \u00e0 tous. Diderot fait appel \u00e0 un math\u00e9maticien, d’Alembert, pour l’aider dans cette lourde t\u00e2che. Il fallut plus de 24 ann\u00e9es pour la finir. Pr\u00e9vue en dix volumes, l’Encyclop\u00e9die atteindra, \u00e0 son ach\u00e8vement, 28 volumes, 17 de discours et 11 de planches.<\/p>\n

\"Planches<\/a>
Planches atelier de tapissier.
, Encyclop\u00e9die Diderot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Un hommage au travail manuel<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

L’Encyclop\u00e9die\u00a0op\u00e8re un double renversement par rapport \u00e0 la description traditionnelle du spectacle du monde. Elle place, en effet, les merveilles de ce monde non dans des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes naturels et une harmonie pr\u00e9\u00e9tablie qu’on admire passivement, mais dans les productions du g\u00e9nie industrieux de l’homme\u00a0: les prouesses des horlogers, des passementiers, des ing\u00e9nieurs\u00a0; l’Encyclop\u00e9die r\u00e9alise donc un changement de signe entre les arts lib\u00e9raux et les arts m\u00e9caniques, entre l’esprit et la main\u00a0: elle r\u00e9habilite le travail manuel.<\/p>\n

\"Atelier<\/a>
Atelier de tourneur sur bois, , Encyclop\u00e9die Diderot<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Plus encore que les articles de fonds, ce sont les magnifiques planches d’illustration qui\u00a0mettre le savoir \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de tous. La multiplication des illustrations participe de cette volont\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Les planches, au nombre de 2885 furent \u00e9tablies pour repr\u00e9senter visuellement tous les m\u00e9tiers existant. Ainsi, le dessinateur Jacques-Louis Goussier, n\u00e9 en 1722, fut d\u00e9sign\u00e9 comme ma\u00eetre d’oeuvre, et il passa plus de 15 ans \u00e0 visiter tous les ateliers ouvriers et manufacturiers, dans le seul but de dessiner ce qu’il voyait : les outils, les machines, mais aussi \u00a0les ouvriers au travail, dans leur tenue, avec leurs gestes. Pour chaque m\u00e9tier, souvent repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par plusieurs planches, on trouve une vue d’ensemble, puis des vues de d\u00e9tail, avec chaque outil, et pour les machines avec leurs rouages, articulations, chaque pi\u00e8ce \u00e9tant \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9mont\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb et pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Encyclop\u00e9die ou Dictionnaire raisonn\u00e9 des sciences, des arts et des m\u00e9tiers est une encyclop\u00e9die fran\u00e7aise, \u00e9dit\u00e9e de 1751 \u00e0 1751\u00a0sous la direction de Diderot\u00a0et de d’ Alembert. L\u2019Encyclop\u00e9die\u00a0est un ouvrage majeur du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle et la premi\u00e8re encyclop\u00e9die fran\u00e7aise. Par la synth\u00e8se des connaissances du temps qu\u2019elle contient, elle repr\u00e9sente un travail r\u00e9dactionnel et \u00e9ditorial […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":2953,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[372],"tags":[459,458],"class_list":["post-2932","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abc-du-decor","tag-encyclopedie-diderot","tag-planches"],"yoast_head":"\nLes Planches de l\u2019Encyclop\u00e9die Diderot Le Magazine de 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