{"id":12833,"date":"2020-09-05T17:24:48","date_gmt":"2020-09-05T16:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=12833"},"modified":"2024-04-22T10:21:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-22T09:21:30","slug":"byobu-paravent-japonais-ecole-de-kano-meiji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/byobu-paravent-japonais-ecole-de-kano-meiji\/","title":{"rendered":"Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Les\u00a0<em>By\u014dbu<\/em> \u00abmur \u00e0 vent\u00bb sont des paravents japonais compos\u00e9 de 4 \u00e0 6 panneaux (ces derniers \u00e9tant les plus communs). Ils servent de cloisons ou de d\u00e9cor pour les danses dans le contexte c\u00e9r\u00e9moniel. Ils sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement orn\u00e9s de d\u00e9cors de faune et de flore saisonni\u00e8res, peints \u00e0 la gouache sur un fond dor\u00e9 \u00e0 la feuille d\u2019or.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"640\" data-attachment-id=\"12846\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/byobu-paravent-japonais-ecole-de-kano-meiji\/644407-alb-5f5152ced2975\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-alb-5f5152ced2975.jpg?fit=480%2C640&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"480,640\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji (c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji&lt;br \/&gt;\n(c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-alb-5f5152ced2975.jpg?fit=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-alb-5f5152ced2975.jpg?fit=480%2C640&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-alb-5f5152ced2975.jpg?resize=480%2C640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12846\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-alb-5f5152ced2975.jpg?w=480&amp;ssl=1 480w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-alb-5f5152ced2975.jpg?resize=225%2C300&amp;ssl=1 225w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-alb-5f5152ced2975.jpg?resize=135%2C180&amp;ssl=1 135w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><figcaption>Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji\n(c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les larges \u00abaplats\u00bb d\u2019or permettent de mettre en exergue la force tranquille d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments d\u00e9coratifs comme les cypr\u00e8s (Paine 1981) qui semblent surgir de la brume en invoquant une symbolique. La convention de ces \u00abnuages-flottants\u00bb est plus ancienne encore que l\u2019art classique\u00a0<em>Yamato-e<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une tradition d\u2019art acad\u00e9mique chinois (d\u00e8s le 4\u00e8me si\u00e8cle) qui consiste \u00e0 \u00e9purer un paysage en masquant certains d\u00e9tails par une couleur solide, dans le but de mettre en valeur des \u00e9l\u00e9ments symboliques. Il s\u2019agit souvent de sc\u00e8nes narratives, avec des plans en coupe de temples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" data-attachment-id=\"12847\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/byobu-paravent-japonais-ecole-de-kano-meiji\/644407-5f5152a0af560\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f5152a0af560.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji (c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji&lt;br \/&gt;\n(c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f5152a0af560.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f5152a0af560.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f5152a0af560.jpg?resize=640%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12847\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f5152a0af560.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f5152a0af560.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f5152a0af560.jpg?resize=180%2C135&amp;ssl=1 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji\n(c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fond\u00e9e par Kan\u014d Masanobu (1434-1530) qui lui donne son nom, l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e9merge \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode Momoyama (1573-1603) et reste populaire tout au long de la p\u00e9riode Edo (1603-1868). Les techniques se transmettent de ma\u00eetre \u00e0 apprenti et les \u00e9l\u00e8ves reproduisent les chefs d\u2019oeuvres r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En cons\u00e9quence, de nombreuses copies ou interpr\u00e9tations r\u00e9apparaissent \u00e0 travers trois si\u00e8cles de cr\u00e9ation, pouvant rendre difficile la datation des oeuvres. L\u2019\u00e9cole survit aux changements politiques en \u00e9tant d\u00e9plac\u00e9e de Kyoto vers Tokyo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" data-attachment-id=\"12848\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/byobu-paravent-japonais-ecole-de-kano-meiji\/644407-5f51528635373\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f51528635373.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"640,480\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji (c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji (c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f51528635373.jpg?fit=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f51528635373.jpg?fit=640%2C480&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f51528635373.jpg?resize=640%2C480&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12848\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f51528635373.jpg?w=640&amp;ssl=1 640w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f51528635373.jpg?resize=300%2C225&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/644407-5f51528635373.jpg?resize=180%2C135&amp;ssl=1 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption>Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji (c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les <em>By\u014dbu<\/em> <\/strong>sont des paravents japonais pliables, compos\u00e9s de plusieurs panneaux mont\u00e9s de fa\u00e7on mobile. Les panneaux sont form\u00e9s de ch\u00e2ssis en bois recouverts de soie, ou de plusieurs couches de papiers fins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Emprunt\u00e9 aux Chinois, le paravent \u00e0 six panneaux est le plus commun durant la p\u00e9riode Nara (646\u2013794), il est alors tendu de soie. Les peintures sur chaque panneaux sont ceintes d\u2019un brocart de soie, et ench\u00e2ss\u00e9es individuellement dans un cadre en bois. Les panneaux sont ensuiteassembl\u00e9s les uns aux autres avec des liens de cuir ou de soie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"665\" height=\"441\" data-attachment-id=\"12849\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/byobu-paravent-japonais-ecole-de-kano-meiji\/a-21\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a.jpg?fit=792%2C525&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"792,525\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1599222283&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji (c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji (c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a.jpg?fit=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a.jpg?fit=665%2C441&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a.jpg?resize=665%2C441&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12849\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a.jpg?w=792&amp;ssl=1 792w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a.jpg?resize=300%2C199&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a.jpg?resize=768%2C509&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/a.jpg?resize=180%2C119&amp;ssl=1 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><figcaption>Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji (c) Galerie c\u00e9cile Kerner, Proantic<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A la p\u00e9riode Edo (1603-1868), les samura\u00efs affectionnent particuli\u00e8rement les&nbsp;<em>by\u014dbu<\/em> qui rel\u00e8vent alors de la repr\u00e9sentation sociale. La classe marchande connait un r\u00e9el essor face \u00e0 la demande. La fabrication artisanale se transforme en industrie, et des familles enti\u00e8res se sp\u00e9cialisent dans leur cr\u00e9ation et transmettent leur savoir de p\u00e8re en fils. A cette p\u00e9riode appara\u00eet le cadre externe en bois laqu\u00e9 noir ou rouge fonc\u00e9, auquel s\u2019ajoutent des pi\u00e8ces m\u00e9talliques ornement\u00e9es pour prot\u00e9ger les coins.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La V\u00e9g\u00e9tation, Les pins&nbsp;<em>matsu<\/em>, Le cypr\u00e8s est un bon pr\u00e9sage au Japon, l\u2019iconographie du pin <em>matsu<\/em>&nbsp;est la m\u00eame. Il repr\u00e9sente la force in\u00e9branlable. Les tao\u00efstes se nourrissent de ses graines, de sa r\u00e9sine, de ses aiguilles et l\u2019on dit que cette nourriture est suffisante et permet au corps d\u2019\u00eatre l\u00e9ger et de voler jusqu\u2019\u00e0 atteindre l\u2019immortalit\u00e9. Son feuillage est persistant et sa r\u00e9sine est incorruptible. Il est utilis\u00e9 dans la construction des temple et dans les rituels par le feu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En Chine, le pin est \u00e9galement associ\u00e9 au cypr\u00e8s et il repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sur les portes \u00abdu ciel et de la terre\u00bb, s\u00e9jours d\u2019immortalit\u00e9. Il est aussi associ\u00e9 aux autres symboles de long\u00e9vit\u00e9 comme la grue et le champignon avec lesquels il forme une triade. Une autre triade l\u2019associe au bambou et au prunier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">Notre paravent<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs de ces symboles sont pr\u00e9sents dans l\u2019iconographie du paravent. Bien s\u00fbr les&nbsp;<em>matsu<\/em>&nbsp;et les grues, qui forment le sujet principal, mais \u00e9galement ; Les grues&nbsp;<em>tancho<\/em>, Les grues&nbsp;<em>tancho<\/em> sont v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es en Asie de l\u2019est comme sacr\u00e9es et symboles de vie \u00e9ternelle \u2013 elles vivraient mille ans. Elles \u00e9taient des habitantes r\u00e9guli\u00e8res de la Chine, de la Cor\u00e9e et du Japon et forment un sujet tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9.<br>la grue&nbsp;<em>tancho<\/em>&nbsp;qui a du rouge sur le front et le bout des ailes noirs.<br><br>Le d\u00e9cor de grues et de paysage aquatique sur fond dor\u00e9 et un th\u00e8me r\u00e9current et tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 au Japon. Il est fr\u00e9quemment rencontr\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9cole Kano. Les grues symbolisent la long\u00e9vit\u00e9 et la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9, et ce paravent en six panneaux pourraient avoir servi dans le contexte d\u2019une c\u00e9r\u00e9monie ou d\u2019un cadeau de mariage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\">Techniques et pigments<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les peintures sur paravent d\u00e9butent par un dessin pr\u00e9paratoire monochrome&nbsp;<em>kaboku<\/em>\u00abencre \u00e9clabouss\u00e9e\u00bb sur la teinte neutre, blanc-beige, du papier (ou de la soie). Le fond est ensuite d\u00e9limit\u00e9 puis dor\u00e9 \u00e0 la feuille, reconnaissable par des carr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019encre noire&nbsp;<em>sumi<\/em>, est obtenue par un m\u00e9lange de suie etde colle animale&nbsp;<em>nikawa<\/em>. Elle vient de Chine, et sa fabrication remonte aussi loin que la cr\u00e9ation du papier, sans changement de composition depuis 500 apr\u00e8s J.C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe deux types de&nbsp;<em>sumi<\/em>&nbsp;; l\u2019une vient de la suie de cam\u00e9lia ou de grains de raisins consum\u00e9s&nbsp;<em>yuenboku<\/em>, sur le m\u00eame principe que le noir de fum\u00e9e occidental, sauf que cette encre a une teinte brune. Elle est alors appel\u00e9e&nbsp;<em>chaboku<\/em>\u00abencre brun\u00e2tre\u00bb. L\u2019autre provient de la suie du pin, elle est appel\u00e9e&nbsp;<em>shoenboku<\/em>, ce qui signifie \u00abencre bleut\u00e9e\u00bb. Les particules sont plus grosses que celles de&nbsp;<em>yuenboku (grains de raisins)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les pigments sont press\u00e9s dans un moule en bois avec la colle et un parfum. Les b\u00e2tons obtenus sont travaill\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019eau sur la \u00abpierre \u00e0 encrer\u00bb <em>suzuri<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette \u00e9tape de broyage \u00e0 la main permet de relaxer l\u2019esprit en pr\u00e9paration du dessin, assouplir la main qui va peindre et r\u00e9duire la taille des particules. Les particules de&nbsp;<em>yuenboku<\/em>&nbsp;<em>(grains de raisins)<\/em> \u00e9tant plus petites, elle se pr\u00eate mieux \u00e0 la calligraphie car les particules sont plus serr\u00e9es et donc plus denses. On y ajoute de l\u2019indigo avec ses particules encore plus fines, cette encre p\u00e9n\u00e8tre tr\u00e8s rapidement dans le papier. <em>Shoenboku<\/em>, avec des particules 3-4 fois plus grosses, et plus habituel pour la peinture.<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces encres \u00e9taient utilis\u00e9es dans des peintures monochromes chinoises. D\u00e8s le 7<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cle, la technique appara\u00eet au Japon, et les artistes japonais viennent colorer \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des lignes monochromes :&nbsp;<em>nihonga<\/em>, litt\u00e9ralement, \u00abpeinture japonaise\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Le blanc<\/em><br>Le choix de pigments \u00e0 ce jour est tr\u00e8s restreint et ne connaitra que tr\u00e8s peu de changements, les plus importants \u00e9tant le remplacement du blanc de plomb par du blanc de coquille d\u2019huitres&nbsp;<em>gofun<\/em>&nbsp;(CaCO3). Il reste blanc et n\u2019est pas toxique, et il est de plus en plus utilis\u00e9s d\u00e8s les 15<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>&nbsp;et 16<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup>&nbsp;si\u00e8cles. Les couleurs sont fr\u00e9quemment m\u00e9lang\u00e9es avec le&nbsp;<em>gofun<\/em>&nbsp;pour obtenir des demi-teintes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Les rouges<\/em><br>Les quelques touches de rouge que l\u2019on trouve sur les grues sont compos\u00e9es de cinabre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>les verts<\/em><br>Le&nbsp;<em>rokusho<\/em>&nbsp;est un m\u00e9lange de malachite et de <em>gunjo<\/em> qui correspond \u00e0 l\u2019azurite. La Malachite est un carbonate de cuivre basique, et un min\u00e9ral de formation secondaire dans la zone d\u2019oxydation des sulfures de cuivre. Elle peut \u00eatre aussi le produit de l\u2019Azurite, instable \u00e0 l\u2019air libre, qui se transforme en Malachite par ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de pseudomorphose. C\u2019est pour cette raison qu\u2019on les trouve souvent m\u00eal\u00e9es, les deux min\u00e9raux partageant pratiquement la m\u00eame formule chimique de base et le m\u00eame syst\u00e8me cristallin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>ces renseignements sont extraits de<\/strong><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxlKnw6M3rAhVAA2MBHbhLD-0QFjAOegQIBBAB&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Floperatorium.fr%2F2019%2F10%2F14%2Fbyobu-%25E5%25B1%258F%25E9%25A2%25A8-histoire-japonaise-des-murs-a-vent%2F&amp;usg=AOvVaw0yBR4r28nizGx4jJX34nxz\">By\u014dbu \u5c4f\u98a8 histoire japonaise des Murs \u00e0 Vent &#8211; l&rsquo;operatorium<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les\u00a0By\u014dbu \u00abmur \u00e0 vent\u00bb sont des paravents japonais compos\u00e9 de 4 \u00e0 6 panneaux (ces derniers \u00e9tant les plus communs). Ils servent de cloisons ou de d\u00e9cor pour les danses dans le contexte c\u00e9r\u00e9moniel. Ils sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement orn\u00e9s de d\u00e9cors de faune et de flore saisonni\u00e8res, peints \u00e0 la gouache sur un fond dor\u00e9 \u00e0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":12845,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12833","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Byobu, paravent Japonais, Ecole de Kano Meiji Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les\u00a0By\u014dbu \u00abmur \u00e0 vent\u00bb sont des paravents japonais compos\u00e9 de 4 \u00e0 6 panneaux (ces derniers \u00e9tant les plus communs). 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