{"id":12415,"date":"2020-05-31T14:00:31","date_gmt":"2020-05-31T13:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=12415"},"modified":"2020-05-31T14:17:20","modified_gmt":"2020-05-31T13:17:20","slug":"la-menagerie-en-porcelaine-dauguste-le-fort","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/la-menagerie-en-porcelaine-dauguste-le-fort\/","title":{"rendered":"La m\u00e9nagerie en porcelaine d’Auguste le Fort"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\n\nAuguste le Fort de Saxe (1670-1733) \u00e9tait un collectionneur passionn\u00e9 de porcelaine. Il a construit son \u00abPalais japonais\u00bb dans les ann\u00e9es 1720 pour abriter sa vaste collection de porcelaine d’Extr\u00eame-Orient et de Meissen.\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La Manufacture de Meissen en Saxe a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1710, \u00e0 la suite de la d\u00e9couverte de la technique de fabrication de la porcelaine dure par un alchimiste de g\u00e9nie, Johann Friedrich B\u00f6ttger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

On doit cette formidable d\u00e9couverte \u00e0 la volont\u00e9 de Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Auguste Ier<\/sup>, prince-\u00e9lecteur de Saxe et roi de Pologne sous le nom d\u2019Auguste II, dit le Fort (1670-1733). Le souverain \u00e9prouvait une passion sans borne pour la porcelaine : il \u00e9changea m\u00eame avec le roi de Prusse, en 1717, un r\u00e9giment de Dragons contre 152 vases en porcelaine de Chine ! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Il racheta un palais \u00e0 Dresde, dit \u00ab Palais Japonais \u00bb, tout entier consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 la gloire de la porcelaine et il demanda la r\u00e9alisation d\u2019animaux et oiseaux grandeur nature \u00e0 la manufacture de Meissen pour sa m\u00e9nagerie en porcelaine. C’est le projet le plus spectaculaire des d\u00e9buts de Meissen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e8s de 600 animaux grandeur nature ont \u00e9t\u00e9 planifi\u00e9s et au moins 458 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fabriqu\u00e9s. Les travaux ont commenc\u00e9 en 1730, seulement 20 ans apr\u00e8s que Meissen soit devenue la premi\u00e8re usine europ\u00e9enne \u00e0 fabriquer de la porcelaine \u00e0 la chinoise. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Un premier sculpteur, Johann Gottlieb Kirchner, fut recrut\u00e9 en 1727 et adopta des attitudes relativement fig\u00e9es et des poses mesur\u00e9es pour ses animaux. En 1731 fut recrut\u00e9 Johann Joachim Kaendler, qui avait un sens profond de l\u2019art animalier. Les artistes se sont inspir\u00e9s des animaux pr\u00e9sents dans la m\u00e9nagerie du roi de Saxe pour concevoir leurs mod\u00e8les.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Auguste avait pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que les animaux devaient avoir leurs couleurs naturelles. Normalement, cela serait r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par l’utilisation d’\u00e9maux. Cependant, les techniciens d’usine jugeaient trop risqu\u00e9 de soumettre les plus gros mod\u00e8les \u00e0 la chaleur d’une cuisson d’\u00e9mail. Au lieu de cela, ils les ont en partie peints avec des pigments vifs et non cuits. Ces couleurs survivent rarement, car elles s’estompent avec le temps et ont souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e8tement supprim\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\n\nAuguste meurt en 1733 avant que les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la m\u00e9nagerie soient suffisamment nombreux pour permettre une exposition group\u00e9e qui ne sera jamais r\u00e9alis\u00e9e. Heureusement son successeur n’arr\u00eate pas la production. La stabilisation des techniques et des couleurs et la diversification des th\u00e8mes sera l’oeuvre de K\u00e4ndler qui y consacrera les quarante derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es de sa vie.\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Auguste le Fort de Saxe (1670-1733) \u00e9tait un collectionneur passionn\u00e9 de porcelaine. Il a construit son \u00abPalais japonais\u00bb dans les ann\u00e9es 1720 pour abriter sa vaste collection de porcelaine d’Extr\u00eame-Orient et de Meissen. La Manufacture de Meissen en Saxe a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1710, \u00e0 la suite de la d\u00e9couverte de la technique de fabrication de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":12424,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[372],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12415","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-abc-du-decor"],"yoast_head":"\nLa m\u00e9nagerie en porcelaine d'Auguste le Fort Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Auguste le 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