{"id":1174,"date":"2010-03-12T15:05:28","date_gmt":"2010-03-12T14:05:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/?p=1174"},"modified":"2017-12-22T11:47:15","modified_gmt":"2017-12-22T10:47:15","slug":"vases-en-porphyre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.proantic.com\/magazine\/vases-en-porphyre\/","title":{"rendered":"Vases en porphyre"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le porphyre, pierre pourpre tachet\u00e9e de blanc d’une extr\u00eame duret\u00e9<\/strong>, fut un mat\u00e9riau d’\u00e9lection pour les Romains, qui l’utilisaient d\u2019abord pour son caract\u00e8re d\u00e9coratif destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019architecture, il servait \u00e0 fabriquer des colonnes ou des pavements, \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des effets de draperie color\u00e9e dans la sculpture, \u00e0 la fabrication de toutes sortes d’objets pr\u00e9cieux. Les romains l’utilisaient\u00a0 aussi pour symboliser l’aspect surnaturel de la personne imp\u00e9riale et s’en servait comme propagande officielle de l\u2019Empire, \u00e0 travers les diff\u00e9rents portraits et sculptures et \u00e9galement par les d\u00e9cors luxueux de certains palais imp\u00e9riaux.<\/p>\n

\"Aigle<\/a>
Aigle de Suger, vase en porphyre, ailes et t\u00eate en argent dor\u00e9 et niell\u00e9,
milieu du XII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, (c)mus\u00e9e du Louvre.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L<\/span>a cessation au V\u00e8me si\u00e8cle de l\u2019exploitation des carri\u00e8res du seul gisement alors exploit\u00e9, celui du \u201c Mont de pourpre \u201d en Egypte, l\u2019actuel Gebel Dokhan a contraint jusqu’au d\u00e9but du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle \u00e0 r\u00e9utiliser constamment du porphyre d\u00e9j\u00e0 extrait. Tous objets cr\u00e9\u00e9s en cette mati\u00e8re durant cette p\u00e9riode seront issus d\u2019antiques, soit retaill\u00e9s pour donner des \u0153uvres nouvelles, soit r\u00e9utilis\u00e9s et remont\u00e9s avec d\u2019autres mati\u00e8res (marbre, serpentine, bronze, …). C\u2019est ainsi que beaucoup de ses objets ne peuvent \u00eatre dat\u00e9s avec pr\u00e9cision. Des roches de m\u00eame aspect mouchet\u00e9 existent en Europe et en France, mais elles ne furent exploit\u00e9es qu’a la fin du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, en Su\u00e8de et en Russie.<\/p>\n

\"Vase<\/a>
Vase en porphyre rouge grande salle Louis XV, (c)mus\u00e9e du Louvre<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A<\/span> la Renaissance, le porphyre fascine par le d\u00e9fi technique que repr\u00e9sente sa mise en \u0153uvre. C\u2019est \u00e0 Florence, dans le cercle du grand Duc Cosme de M\u00e9dicis que s\u2019\u00e9labor\u00e8rent de nouvelles techniques de trempe de l\u2019acier qui en facilitait la taille. La duret\u00e9 du\u00a0 Porphyre rend celui-ci tr\u00e8s difficile \u00e0 travailler, il fallait \u00e0 l’\u00e9poque pour d\u00e9couper un disque dans une colonne romaine plusieurs semaines, graver \u00e0 la pointe un portrait en m\u00e9daillon plusieurs mois.<\/p>\n

\"Paire<\/a>
Paire d’urnes couvertes en porphyre d’\u00e9poque Louis XIV
(c) christie’s<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A<\/span>u XVII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, les fouilles en Italie relancent la folie du porphyre. il n\u2019est pas de collection princi\u00e8re qui ne s\u2019enorgueillisse alors de vases et de bustes \u00e0 l\u2019antique en porphyre. A travers les collections de Richelieu puis de Mazarin, l\u2019on verra le d\u00e9veloppement en France d\u2019un \u201c Grand Go\u00fbt \u201d venu de Rome. Louis XIV grand amateur s’\u00e9tait constitu\u00e9 le plus important ensemble de porphyre au monde, en acqu\u00e9rant notamment la collection Borgh\u00e8se.<\/p>\n

A<\/span> partir de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, si le porphyre conserve encore le prestige d’un mat\u00e9riau antique, rare et par cons\u00e9quent luxueux, la symbolique imp\u00e9riale et religieuse qui lui est attach\u00e9e depuis des si\u00e8cles s’efface peu \u00e0 peu au profit d’un usage d\u00e9coratif, s\u00e9duisant alors les cours de l’Europe enti\u00e8re. On se contente de faire monter en bronze les vases du si\u00e8cle pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, mais avec le renouveau du go\u00fbt pour l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9. Il participe au d\u00e9cor raffin\u00e9 des int\u00e9rieurs des amateurs \u00e9clair\u00e9s, tels que le marquis de Marigny, madame du Barry ou le duc d\u2019Aumont.<\/p>\n

L<\/span>a d\u00e9couverte et l\u2019exploitation de gisements de porphyre d’ \u00c4lvdalen<\/span>, en Su\u00e8de d\u00e8s 1788 donna lieu \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de\u00a0<\/span> remarquables vases\u00a0 monte en bronze cisel\u00e9s et dor\u00e9<\/span>. Ces objets en porphyre de formes et \u00e0 usages vari\u00e9s furent tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s par le mar\u00e9chal Bernadotte, roi Karl IV Johann, qui r\u00e9gna en Su\u00e8de de 1818 \u00e0 1844. S’ils ne devenaient pas des cadeaux diplomatiques destin\u00e9s aux dignitaires fran\u00e7ais, ils \u00e9taient vendus en l’\u00e9tat \u00ab\u00a0brut\u00a0\u00bb \u00e0 Stockholm ou G\u00f6teborg par des commer\u00e7ants \u00e0 des agents sp\u00e9ciaux ou encore des marchand-merciers fran\u00e7ais qui les habillaient de bronzes fondus par les bronziers de la capitale.<\/p>\n

L<\/span>e porphyre faisait fureur au m\u00eame moment en Russie, la pr\u00e9sence de riches minerais pr\u00e8s de l’Oural aidant \u00e0 son effervescence. Les int\u00e9rieurs de Pavlovsk et Peterhof l’attestent, aujourd’hui encore garnis d’objets en pierres dures parfois spectaculaires .<\/p>\n


\n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le porphyre, pierre pourpre tachet\u00e9e de blanc d’une extr\u00eame duret\u00e9, fut un mat\u00e9riau d’\u00e9lection pour les Romains, qui l’utilisaient d\u2019abord pour son caract\u00e8re d\u00e9coratif destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019architecture, il servait \u00e0 fabriquer des colonnes ou des pavements, \u00e0 cr\u00e9er des effets de draperie color\u00e9e dans la sculpture, \u00e0 la fabrication de toutes sortes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1178,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[180],"tags":[142,249],"class_list":["post-1174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-decoratifs-proantic","tag-art-decoratif","tag-porphyre"],"yoast_head":"\nVases en porphyre Le Magazine de Proantic<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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